Robust methods for quantitating the amount of elemental sulfur in a fluid whereby a caustic solution is mixed with the fluid, and the elemental sulfur present in the fluid reacts to form a colored solution that can be compared to a series of standards. The methods can be performed in a laboratory or the field and allow for real time feedback. Once the concentration of the elemental sulfur is known, appropriate methods of treatment can proceed. Test kits for performing the methods in the field are also described.

A sensitive and selective, in-line method to measure and validate the sulfur content at ppb levels in both the liquid and gas phase of an analyte. The method includes patterning graphene, for example to form a mesa structure comprising horizontal or vertical lines or an array of multidentate star features; functionalizing the patterned graphene and attaching nanoparticles to the functionalized graphene to form a device; exposing the device to an analyte in the gas or liquid phase; detecting a change in electrical response when sulfur is present in the analyte; and recovering the device for future use. Also disclosed is the related sulfur detector.

A method and a system for creating a reference standard for hydrogen sulfide concentrations in crude oil are described. The method includes receiving a volume of crude oil in a vessel. A hydrogen sulfide gas is flowed from a pressurized gas cylinder to the vessel to form a hydrogen sulfide gas-crude oil mixture. The hydrogen sulfide gas continues to flow from the pressurized gas cylinder to the vessel at a set pressure for a predetermined time to adjust the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the hydrogen sulfide gas-crude oil mixture to a hydrogen sulfide threshold concentration. The flow of the hydrogen sulfide gas into the vessel is stopped.

A fuel characteristic determination system and method for determining one or more fuel characteristics of an aviation fuel for powering a gas turbine engine of an aircraft. The system includes a sensor component that is formed from a nitrile seal material and includes a surface that can be exposed to the fuel; a sensor for measuring a swell parameter of the seal material; and a fuel characteristics determination module for determining one or more fuel characteristics of the fuel based on the swell parameter. The method includes: exposing one or more seals of a fuel system of an aircraft to fuel within the fuel system; exposing a sensor component, made from the same material as the one or more seals, to the fuel; and measuring a swell parameter of the seal material.

Systems, methods and devices for analyzing a sample of fluid extracted from a hydrocarbon-producing geological formation to detect a quantitative amount of hydrogen sulfide or disclosed. The systems methods and devices involve including a scavenger within a sample compartment to react with the hydrogen sulfide therein. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the sample may be derived as a function of the amount of scavenger remaining in the sample after reaction with hydrogen sulfide, an amount of byproduct of a reaction between the scavenger and the hydrogen sulfide, or an amount of hydrogen sulfide as measured following a secondary reaction that releases the hydrogen sulfide from the scavenger.

A system, device, and a method for determining a compound content in transformer oil are provided. The method includes positioning a syringe filled with transformer oil in the device to transfer the oil to a vial using the device. The device includes a stand, a threaded rod, a handle, a disc, and a syringe holder. The threaded rod is movable in a vertical direction by rotation of the handle and is configured to apply pressure via the disc on a plunger of the syringe positioned in the syringe holder to maintain an airtight connection between the vial and the device. The compound content is determined using a gas chromatograph by analyzing an aliquot extracted from a headspace gas of the vial.

A sensitive and selective, in-line method to measure and validate the sulfur content at ppb levels in both the liquid and gas phase of an analyte. The method includes patterning graphene, for example to form a mesa structure comprising horizontal or vertical lines or an array of multidentate star features; functionalizing the patterned graphene and attaching nanoparticles to the functionalized graphene to form a device; exposing the device to an analyte in the gas or liquid phase; detecting a change in electrical response when sulfur is present in the analyte; and recovering the device for future use. Also disclosed is the related sulfur detector.

There is provided a process for producing a fuel comprising: sensing the sulphur content of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous material; admixing liquid aqueous material and the liquid hydrocarbonaceous material in a predetermined ratio, based upon the sensed sulphur content, such that a nanoemulsion is obtained; and converting the nanoemulsion into at least the fuel.

A method and system for diagnosing a condition of an air-breathing aircraft engine are described. The method comprises obtaining a sample of lubricating fluid from the engine, filtering the sample to obtain a plurality of particles from the lubricating fluid, obtaining chemical composition data for the plurality of particles, determining a quantity of volcanic ash in the lubricating fluid by considering each one of the particles as composed partially of volcanic ash and partially of at least one other material and analyzing the chemical composition data, the volcanic ash having associated thereto a predetermined chemical composition, and diagnosing a condition of the engine based on the quantity of volcanic ash found in the lubricating fluid.

A method for determining the presence of an acidic sulfide species in a liquid sample of an industrial or environmental material. The method includes the step of contacting the sample or an extract thereof with a composition including a metal complex dye compound in which the electromagnetic absorption spectrum of the metal complex dye compound changes upon reaction with an acidic sulfide species.