A bioaerosol detector is operated in accordance with one or more first inputs. Operating the bioaerosol detector includes filtering pathogens from the air, extracting genetic material from the filtered pathogens, and analyzing the extracted genetic material to identify the filtered pathogens. While operating the bioaerosol detector in accordance with the one or more first inputs, a change is identified in an operating condition for the bioaerosol detector. In response, the bioaerosol detector is operated in accordance with one or more second inputs. At least one input of the one or more second inputs is distinct from a respective input of the one or more first inputs.

A device for detecting one or more gases of ammonia (NH.sub.3), trimethylamine (TMA), and hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) includes a substrate and an electrodes layer. The device also includes a gas sensor array including one or more gas sensing films, each electronically coupled with an electrode. Each gas sensing film is configured to chemically interact with a respective target gas. Each electrode is configured to measure resistance changes across the respective gas sensing film to which it is electronically coupled. The multiple gas sensing films include one or more of polyaniline (PANI) doped with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) for chemically interacting with NH.sub.3 and/or TMA, PANI doped with 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) for chemically interacting with TMA and/or NH.sub.3, and metal salt-doped PANI with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composite for chemically interacting with H.sub.2S.

Disclosed is a method of diagnosing cancer in a subject, comprising determining a level of one or more volatile organic compounds for cancer in a urine sample obtained from the subject, wherein the identity and/or the level of the biomarker is determined by a mass spectrometry method, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry. Specific biomarkers identified using the method and the use of the method to identify subjects as requiring treatment for cancers are also disclosed.

Methods for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA) are described. The methods can include detecting the presence of one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of subjects suspected of having IA.

A sensor technology comprising a single nano-material (gold nanoparticles and/or carbon nanotube) based sensor or a plurality of sensors in conjunction with a pattern recognition algorithm for non-invasive and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis bacteria in a subject. The sensor technology is suitable for population screening of tuberculosis, particularly in resource-poor and developing countries.

A method of determining whether a subject is likely to have a condition includes measuring concentration levels of a plurality of target biomarkers in a sample obtained from the subject; comparing the measured concentration levels to respective reference concentration levels; in the event that the measured concentration level of at least one of the target biomarkers is less than its respective reference concentration level, and the measured concentration level of at least one of the target biomarkers is greater than its respective reference concentration level, providing an indication that the subject is likely to have the condition, and otherwise: providing an indication that the subject is unlikely to have the condition.

An analysis cartridge the includes a main body portion and a filter assembly. The main body portion includes an upper portion that defines an upper chamber and a lower portion that defines a fluid chamber. The filter assembly is movable along a filter assembly path between a first position and a second position. The filter assembly has an opening defined therethrough. In the first position, the opening partially defines the upper chamber and in the second position the opening partially defines the fluid chamber.

Disclosed herein are p-n metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) heterostructure-based sensors and systems. The sensors and systems described herein can include sensing element that comprises a first region comprising a p-type MOS material (e.g., NiO) and a second region comprising an n-type MOS material (e.g., In.sub.2O.sub.3). These sensors and systems can exhibit sensitivity and selectivity to NH.sub.3 at ppb levels, while discriminating against CO, NO, or a combination thereof at concentrations a thousand-fold higher (ppm) and spread over a considerable range (0-20 ppm). These sensors and systems can be used to detect and/or quantify NH3 in samples, including biological samples (e.g., breath samples) and combustion gases.

A breath collection and storage apparatus is disclosed for collecting and storing samples of exhaled breath for later analysis of nitric oxide contained in collected breath samples. The described apparatus provides for inhaling air into the lungs via a one-way air inflow portal through an airflow chamber via an inhalation/exhalation portal. Air inhaled into the lungs is then expelled back into the airflow chamber via the inhalation/exhalation portal and flowed into a breath storage vessel. A flow meter monitor, such as a flow meter or pressure gauge can be employed to monitor and control the rate of flow of the exhaled breath. A three-way valve can be incorporated into the air outflow portal to selectively permit discharge of exhaled breath to the outside or into the breath storage vessel. If desired, a programmable controller in electrical connection with the flow meter and three-way valve can be employed to maneuver the three-way valve to discharge and collection positions to allow for collecting and storing preselected portions of the exhaled breath. In addition, a flow rate restriction mechanism can be employed to automatically control the flow rate of exhaled air (breath) through the airflow chamber.

The present invention is related to the field of bio/chemical sensing, assays and applications. Particularly, the present invention is related to collecting a small amount of a vapor condensate sample (e.g. the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from a subject of a volume as small as 10 fL (femto-Liter) in a single drop), preventing or significantly reducing an evaporation of the collected vapor condensate sample, analyzing the sample, analyzing the sample by mobile-phone, and performing such collection and analysis by a person without any professionals.