Methods for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA) are described. The methods can include detecting the presence of one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of subjects suspected of having IA.

A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

Described herein are methods of utilizing single fasting methane breath concentrations to monitor, select treatment for, and to treat subjects having intestinal methanogen overgrowth.

Sensors containing one or more metal oxides as the sensor material are used for detecting pathogen-derived VOCs, e.g., VOCs emitting from infectious wounds. The metal oxides may contain one or more metal elements selected from aluminum, antimony, bismuth, boron, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, silicon, silver, tantalum, tellurium, terbium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium. A sensor device may have one or more sensors, which detects and records a variety of VOCs that are indicative of existence of pathogens, and the pathogens are associated with dieses and/or infections.

Methods for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring the treatment of histoplasmosis. The methods can include detecting the presence of one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of subjects suspected of having histoplasmosis.

The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing an existing or developing acute pneumonia induced by a microorganism by detecting one or more volatile organic compound(s) in a subject's sample and the use of one or more volatile organic compound(s) for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenza and optionally opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans.

A device and a method for the analysis of the air exhaled by a subject in order to measure basal metabolism of the subject comprise a main line for a sampling flow of the air exhaled by a subject who breathes spontaneously or a subject undergoing assisted pulmonary ventilation. A mixing mini-chamber is provided for mixing a plurality of air sampling flows exhaled by the subject within a number of respiratory cycles. Sensors for sensing the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration respectively measure the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration within the air flow in the main line. The device further comprises an electronic control unit which processes signals from the sensors for obtaining a measurement of metabolism of the subject within a number of respiratory cycles. The electronic control unit is further programmed for automatically starting, upon switching on the device, a self-calibration stage of the device, by connecting the main line to a calibration line while causing the calibration flow to pass through a by-pass line by-passing the mixing mini-chamber, so that the calibration can be performed immediately, without requiring a filling of the mixing mini-chamber.

Disclosed is a method of treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or a SIBO-caused condition in a human subject. SIBO-caused conditions include irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, impaired mentation, impaired memory, halitosis, tinnitus, sugar craving, autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, drug sensitivity, an autoimmune disease, and Crohn's disease. Also disclosed are a method of screening for the abnormally likely presence of SIBO in a human subject and a method of detecting SIBO in a human subject. A method of determining the relative severity of SIBO or a SIBO-caused condition in a human subject, in whom small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been detected, is also disclosed.

An apparatus and system for measuring and monitoring fouling parameters in a fluid are provided. The apparatus includes a conduit within a housing, wherein at least a portion of the conduit provides a carbon dioxide permeable membrane through which carbon dioxide in the fluid can permeate in use. A carbon dioxide sensor within the housing is configured to measure carbon dioxide levels at the sensor. The housing further includes a light source that irradiates a portion of the conduit and a light sensor that is configured to measure light transmitted through or reflected by the irradiated portion of the conduit to measure the amount of fouling material within the fluid and attached to the irradiated portion of the conduit in use.

Methods for diagnosing a subject for a COVID-19 infection state include collecting an alveolar air breath sample from a subject; passing the breath sample into contact with a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor operable to detect a plurality of VOC biomarkers for a COVID-19 infection state; producing a readable sensor output for at least two of the plurality of biomarkers; and diagnosing the COVID-19 infection state of the subject based on the readable sensor output. Systems for detecting and identifying at least one VOC biomarker for a COVID-19 infection state in exhaled breath of a subject include a mouth piece connected to a housing, the mouth piece operable to receive the exhaled breath of the subject; a sensor module disposed in the housing, the sensor module operable to detect the at least one VOC biomarker in the exhaled breath, and further operable to produce a readable sensor output for the at least one VOC biomarker; and a communication module disposed in the housing and in communication with the sensor module, the communication module operable to transmit collected data from the sensor module.