This application describes various improved embodiments for detecting at least one target in tissue samples using an antibody-barcode conjugate capable of binding to the target and blocker strands to prevent nonspecific interaction of the antibody-barcode conjugate with non-target nucleic acid material. Some embodiments employ a blocker strand partially or fully complementary to a barcode portion of the antibody-barcode conjugate. Some embodiments employ a double-stranded barcode portion of an antibody-barcode conjugate, including a blocker strand.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methods. In particular, the present invention provides methods and compositions for performing ChIP (e.g., ChlP-seq) assays on small numbers or cells.

Disclosed is a detection method for detecting occurrence of nonspecific reaction in analysis for an antigen or an antibody contained in a biological sample with use of a measurement reagent containing an antibody or an antigen that causes antigen-antibody reaction with the antigen or the antibody in the biological sample, and the detection method includes: generating a data group about progress of antigen-antibody reaction between the antigen or the antibody contained in the biological sample and the antibody or the antigen contained in the measurement reagent; inputting the data group to a deep learning algorithm; and generating information about occurrence of nonspecific reaction, based on a result outputted by the deep learning algorithm.

Carbon-based materials, and associated methods and articles, are generally provided. In some embodiments, a carbon-based material comprises a carbon-based portion and a functional group bonded to the carbon-based portion. The functional group may be capable of forming a reversible covalent bond with a species. Carbon may make up greater than or equal to 30 wt % of the carbon-based portion. The carbon-based portion may comprise graphene, and a ratio of a total number of functional groups in a plurality of functional groups bonded to the graphene to a total number of carbon atoms in the plurality of carbon atoms of the graphene may be greater than or equal to 1:50. The carbon-based portion may comprise graphene, and greater than or equal to 70% of the graphene sheets may be spaced apart from their nearest neighbors by a distance of greater than or equal to 10 Å. A method may comprise applying a voltage to a carbon-based material. The voltage may be applied in the presence of a combination of solvents comprising a dissolved species. The combination of solvents may comprise a solvent stable at voltages of greater than or equal to −3.15 V and less than or equal to −2.2 V and/or may comprise a solvent with a surface tension within 25% of a surface tension of the carbon-based material. The voltage may be a decreasing voltage that decreases at a rate of greater than or equal to 2 μV/s and less than or equal to 40 μV/s and has a value of greater than or equal to −2.2 V and less than or equal to −3.15 V at at least one point in time.

Described herein are methods for quantifying IAIP levels in a sample.

A reagent for extracting immunosuppressant drugs from a whole blood sample for immunoassay includes protein denaturant, proteolytic enzyme, surfactant and pH buffer. A method and an immunoassay kit for detection of the immunosuppressant concentration in a whole blood sample uses the extraction reagent. The extraction reagent doesn't need the use of organic solvent as that in the traditional extraction methods, therefore the adverse effects of the organic solvent on the antibody activity in a detection system and the other relative defects associated to its use are obviated. The drug extraction process doesn't need centrifugation, as the processed sample can be directly applied for immunoassay. The operation for drug extraction is simple, and the detection result based on this extraction method is accurate.

The present invention relates to a background blocking concept for use in time-resolved fluorometry binding assays. More particular, the invention relates to a binding assay and a kit involving the use of the same or similar chelating ligand in lanthanide chelate-labelled analyte-specific biomolecules and as or in a background blocking agent.

Methods of minimizing hook effect interference in an immunoassay are disclosed. Also disclosed are reagents, kits, and immunoassay devices that may be utilized in accordance with the method.

Disclosed are a highly sensitive immunoconjugate, and an in vitro reagent and an in vitro diagnostic kit including the same, in which binding specificity with a target substrate is increased and a detection signal is amplified, thereby improving largely the sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility of detection.

Provided herein is a large immuno-sorbent surface area assay (ALISSA) for the rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and anthrax toxin. This assay is designed to capture a low number of toxin molecules and to measure their intrinsic protease activity via conversion of a fluorogenic or luminescent substrate. Also provided herein are novel peptides that can be specifically cleaved by BoNT and novel peptides that are resistant to cleavage by BoNT. The combination of these cleavable and control peptides can be used for implementation of an exemplary ALISSA used to specifically detect BoNT enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the ALISSA as described herein may also be used in a column based format for use in a high-throughput system for testing large quantities of samples.