Methods are provided for detecting a single compound analyte immobilized to a solid substrate by serially contacting and removing different probes to the same analyte.

A nanopore device for detecting charged biopolymer molecules and defining a nanochannel, includes a first gating nanoelectrode addressing a first end of the nanochannel. The device also includes a second gating nanoelectrode addressing a second end of the nanochannel opposite the first end. The device further includes a first sensing nanoelectrode addressing a first location in the nanochannel between the first and second ends.

A nanopore device for detecting charged biopolymer molecules and defining a nanochannel, includes a first gating nanoelectrode addressing a first end of the nanochannel. The device also includes a second gating nanoelectrode addressing a second end of the nanochannel opposite the first end. The device further includes a first sensing nanoelectrode addressing a first location in the nanochannel between the first and second ends.

Methods and devices for liquid-liquid extraction using digital microfluidic arrays are provided. A polar droplet is transported to a separation region containing a substantially non-polar solvent, where non-polar impurities may be extracted from the polar droplet while maintaining a distinct phase separation. In a preferred embodiment, biological samples containing hormones are dried on a digital microfluidic array, lysed by a lysing solvent, dried, subsequently dissolved in a polar solvent, and further purified in a separation step in which droplets are transported through a volume of non-polar solvent. The method disclosed herein provides the distinct advantage of an automated sample preparation method that is capable of extracting hormones from low sample volumes with high precision and recovery.

An observation method of a sample containing a target substance, the observation method including an imaging step in which a step of obtaining a speckle image including, as a speckle, light emitted from a luminescent substance in which a medium is brought into contact with the sample is performed a plurality of times so as to obtain a plurality of speckle images, the medium containing a probe that contains the luminescent substance emitting light and that repeatedly binds to and dissociates from the target substance directly and specifically, and an observation image generation step of generating an observation image of the target substance in the sample from the plurality of speckle images, wherein a half-life of a probe-target complex formed by binding between the probe and the target substance is equal to or more than 10 milliseconds and equal to or less than 3 seconds.

An observation method of a sample containing a target substance, the observation method including an imaging step in which a step of obtaining a speckle image including, as a speckle, light emitted from a luminescent substance in which a medium is brought into contact with the sample is performed a plurality of times so as to obtain a plurality of speckle images, the medium containing a probe that contains the luminescent substance emitting light and that repeatedly binds to and dissociates from the target substance directly and specifically, and an observation image generation step of generating an observation image of the target substance in the sample from the plurality of speckle images, wherein a half-life of a probe-target complex formed by binding between the probe and the target substance is equal to or more than 10 milliseconds and equal to or less than 3 seconds.

Processes for quantifying an amount of functional groups immobilized on a solid support are described herein. The processes allow for determining whether sufficient functional groups are provided on a solid support for the attachment of a first binding pair member for the detection of a target analyte.

Processes for quantifying an amount of functional groups immobilized on a solid support are described herein. The processes allow for determining whether sufficient functional groups are provided on a solid support for the attachment of a first binding pair member for the detection of a target analyte.

The methods and kits described herein are based, in part, to the discovery of a phenotype representing a fully-reprogrammed iPS cell and several reprogramming intermediates. The methods and kits described herein permit identification of fully-reprogrammed iPS cells and further permits one of skill in the art to monitor the emergence of iPS cells during the reprogramming process. The methods/kits can also be performed using real time using live cell imaging. Also described herein are methods for screening candidate reprogramming agents by monitoring the emergence of fully-reprogrammed iPS cells in the presence and absence of such an agent.

The methods and kits described herein are based, in part, to the discovery of a phenotype representing a fully-reprogrammed iPS cell and several reprogramming intermediates. The methods and kits described herein permit identification of fully-reprogrammed iPS cells and further permits one of skill in the art to monitor the emergence of iPS cells during the reprogramming process. The methods/kits can also be performed using real time using live cell imaging. Also described herein are methods for screening candidate reprogramming agents by monitoring the emergence of fully-reprogrammed iPS cells in the presence and absence of such an agent.