Provided are compositions comprising newly identified protein fragments of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, polynucleotides that encode them and complements thereof, related agents, and methods of use thereof in diagnostic, drug discovery, research, and therapeutic applications.

In various embodiments, the application relates to methods for assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a patient comprising comparing pre-heparin LPL (lipoprotein lipase) levels which are associated with protection from CVD to remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) and/or remnant lipoprotein triglyceride content (RLP-Tg).

In various embodiments, the application relates to methods for assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a patient comprising comparing pre-heparin LPL (lipoprotein lipase) levels which are associated with protection from CVD to remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) and/or remnant lipoprotein triglyceride content (RLP-Tg).

The present invention relates to methods of diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in a human patient by detecting alterations in the ratio of PKC epsilon protein levels in a human patient compared with PKC epsilon levels in a control subject. The Alzheimer's disease-specific molecular biomarkers disclosed herein are useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and for screening methods for the identification of compounds for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease. The present invention also provides methods for elevating PKC epsilon protein levels comprising the steps of contacting one or more human cells with an amount of a PKC activator effective to elevate PKC epsilon levels compared to an uncontacted human cell.

The present invention relates to methods of diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in a human patient by detecting alterations in the ratio of PKC epsilon protein levels in a human patient compared with PKC epsilon levels in a control subject. The Alzheimer's disease-specific molecular biomarkers disclosed herein are useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and for screening methods for the identification of compounds for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease. The present invention also provides methods for elevating PKC epsilon protein levels comprising the steps of contacting one or more human cells with an amount of a PKC activator effective to elevate PKC epsilon levels compared to an uncontacted human cell.

The present application discloses methods of making anti-hepsin antibodies, anti-hepsin antibodies, methods of screening the activity of anti-hepsin antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions of anti-hepsin antibodies, kits containing anti-hepsin antibodies, and methods of using anti-hepsin antibodies to diagnose a cancer.

The present application discloses methods of making anti-hepsin antibodies, anti-hepsin antibodies, methods of screening the activity of anti-hepsin antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions of anti-hepsin antibodies, kits containing anti-hepsin antibodies, and methods of using anti-hepsin antibodies to diagnose a cancer.

The present invention provides ST6GAL1, GALNT7, FUT8 and GCNT1 as novel biological fluid (e.g. blood or urine) biomarkers for prostate cancer. Methods for diagnosing prostate cancer or the risk of developing prostate cancer, or for monitoring prostate cancer progression (including prostate cancer relapse) and methods for treatment of prostate cancer are also provided. The invention also provides methods for determining the therapeutic effect of appropriate treatment regimens for prostate cancer or determining a subject's compliance or adherence with a prescribed treatment regimen for prostate cancer. Corresponding kits, assay devices and uses are also provided.

The invention relates to an optical method for detecting at least one target molecule (TM) contained in a sample at a determined concentration, which comprises: (a) bringing a sample containing the TM into contact, in a liquid medium, with a solution containing nanoparticles (NPs), the surface of the NPs having been coated or functionalised with at least one type of specific bioreceptor (BR) of the target molecule to be detected (NP-BR), such that the BRs specifically recognise the TM, thus forming conjugates of the NP-BRs with the TMs (NP-BR-TMs); (b) separating the nanoparticles conjugates (NP-BR-TMs and/or NP-BRs) formed in the previous step; (c) bringing the nanoparticles conjugates (NP-BR-TMs and/or NP-BRs) into contact with a sensor surface of an optical transducer that operates by means of reflection and/or transmission, the response of which is based on optical interference, the sensor surface being functionalised by immobilising thereon: (i) the target molecule (TM) or (ii) at least one specific bioreceptor of the target molecule, which may be of the same type (BR) or of another type (BR1); and (d) determining the optical reading on the sensor surface by means of change in the interference response of the optical transducer, caused by change in the real part of the refractive index as a result of the NP conjugates recognised on the sensor surface, and/or by means of change in intensity in the interference response, caused by variation in intensity as a result of dispersion or as a result of variation in the complex part of the refractive index of the NP conjugates, or by means of a combination of both effects amplification in the interference response by refractive index and scattering.

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that bind hamster phospholipase B-like 2 are provided. Also provided are methods for detecting and quantifying hamster phospholipase B-like 2, for example, in recombinant polypeptide preparations, as well as kits for carrying out such methods. Methods of screening or selecting host cell lines or recombinant polypeptide-expressing cell lines that express low levels of hamster phospholipase B-like 2 are also provided.