Single atom nanozymes and associated immunoassays, method of making, and method of using such immunoassays are described herein. For example, a method of making a single atom nanozyme includes forming a soft template having multiple nanoscale structures in an aqueous solution and adding a monomer and a metal containing salt into the aqueous solution. The metal containing salt causes polymerization of the monomer to form multiple nanostructures according to the nanoscale structures of the soft template. The method also includes coating the individual formed nanostructures with a confinement layer in the aqueous solution before pyrolyzing. During pyrolysis, the confinement layer at least restricts or completely prevents migration of atoms on the external surface of the individual nanostructures.

Chromogenic conjugates for color-based detection of targets are described. The conjugates comprise a chromogenic moiety such as a rhodamine, rhodol or fluorescein. The chromogenic moiety is linked to a peroxidase substrate. The chromogenic conjugates can be used in immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization. The conjugates can be used to detect 1, 2, 3 or more targets in a sample by color.

The present invention generally pertains to methods of determining concentrations of drugs and their targets. In particular, the present invention, in part, pertains to use of a mild acidic assay condition to determine total drug and total target concentrations to mitigate either target interference or drug interference. The present invention also discloses a free target assay using a capture agent that has a lower affinity with a much slower association and dissociation rate compared to the drug.

A staining method includes staining a biological sample with a coumarin fluorescent dye to provide a fluorescent-stained sample, and bringing the fluorescent-stained sample into contact with osmium tetroxide, further embedding the sample in an epoxy resin, and subsequently slicing the sample to provide a section sample including the fluorescent-stained sample.

Kits and methods according to aspects of the present invention relate to the detection and quantitation of small molecule analytes including 8-hydroxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanine, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine.

The present invention provides methods of detecting a target molecule in a sample comprising incubating the sample with two or more detectably labeled probes, partitioning the sample into multiple partitions, and detecting the presence of the two or more probes in the same partition.

Compositions, methods, and kits are disclosed directed at haptens, immunogens and immunoassays for oxycodone and metabolites thereof. The compounds are exemplified by compounds of the Formula I. The method comprises providing in combination in a medium (i) a sample suspected of containing oxycodone and/or oxycodone metabolites, a compound of the Formula I wherein R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is a label, and an antibody for oxycodone or a metabolite thereof. The medium is examined for the presence of a complex comprising the labeled compound of Formula I where the presence of such as complex indicates the presence of oxycodone or oxycodone metabolite in the sample.

The invention relates to isolated antibodies that bind to specific peptides and to their use in the diagnosis of celiac disease.

Compositions including photoreactive and cleavable probes and methods of using the probes. The probes may include a tag conjugatable to a label, a cleavable linker linkable to a bait molecule, and a light activated warhead. The compositions and methods may be useful for analyzing biomolecules.

The present invention concerns compounds that are capable of covalently entrapping adenylating enzymes. The present invention is essentially based on the discovery that analogues of adenylating enzyme (AE) substrates, wherein a methylene group has been incorporated at the carbon atom in the α-position relative to the carboxylate group involved in the adenylation, are capable of undergoing the adenylation reaction, thereby creating an activated methylene group in situ. The resulting ‘armed’ acyladenylate can interact with the enzyme resulting in covalent entrapment. Interestingly, the acyladenylate can alternatively be transferred to the next step in the enzyme cascade, following which the activated methylene group can interact with the next (active site cysteine containing) enzyme in the enzymatic cascade. The AE substrate analogues, based on their capability of ‘entrapping’ the respective enzymes, will have utility as activity based probes in biological research and also as diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents.