The present invention provides, among other aspects, stabilized chromophoric nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are rationally functionalized with a pre-determined number of functional groups. In certain embodiments, the stable chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are modified with a low density of functional groups. In yet other embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are conjugated to one or more molecules. Also provided herein are methods for making rationally functionalized chromophoric nanoparticles.

A method for producing a Group III-V semiconductor nanoparticle by flow reaction, including: introducing a solution of compound containing Group III element into a first flow channel, introducing a solution of compound containing Group V element into a second flow channel, and combining the solutions to produce nanoparticles, in which the combining portion is constituted by a multi-layered tubular mixer, one of the solutions is allowed to flow through a flow channel in the smallest tube of the mixer, and the other of the solutions is allowed to flow through a flow channel adjacent to the flow channel in the smallest tube, and a value of a ratio of linear velocity of the solution flowing in the flow channel adjacent to the flow channel in the smallest tube to linear velocity of the solution flowing in the flow channel in the smallest tube is a specific value.

The present invention relates to a system capable of performing simple and rapid inspection of an antigen equivalent to the immune chromatographic method with accuracy good as a PCR method. An embodiment relates to a novel fluorescence counting system for quantifying viruses or antibodies in an analyte which comprises an unit of providing an antigen or antibody phase solidified substrate by an aggregation method with quantum crystals, an unit for making a labeling liquor and labeling a virus or an antibody to be measured in the analyte by an antigen-antibody method, an unit of exciting the fluorescently labeled virus or antibody by a surface plasmon excitation method, and an unit of counting fluorescent points in an excited fluorescent screen to quantify the virus or antibody in the analyte.

The present invention relates, in general terms, to nanoparticle solutions, kits, devices and methods of use thereof. The present invention is suitable for use in quantifying bacterial cells in a sample. The method of quantifying bacterial cells in a sample comprises passing the sample in a liquid form and an aqueous nanoparticle solution through a porous substrate such that the bacterial cells in the sample is trapped on the porous substrate and can be quantified by a colorimetric and/or fluorescence output emitted from the nanoparticle bound to the bacterial cells.

Provided are a novel immuno-optomagnetic point-of-care (PoC) assay and in particular, a method for detecting an analyte using magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots (QD) having antibodies which are interfaced with the fabricated PoC biochip platform for quantitative analysis, and an immuno-optomagnetic detection method. The method also relates to methods of making such a plurality of conjugated magnetic quantum dot nanoparticles, methods of detecting analytes using such a plurality of conjugated quantum dot nanoparticles.

A CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial synthesized with thiosalicylic acid and sodium citrate as dual-stabilizers is taken as a chemiluminescent luminophore, and Tris buffer containing both N.sub.2H.sub.4.H.sub.2O and H.sub.2O.sub.2 is taken as the triggering solution; introducing the H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the triggering solution can bring out greatly enhanced CL emission and obviously shortened CL process, enable the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial with strong flash-type and near-infrared CL; the luminophore of CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is synthesized by a one-pot method; compared with acridinium ester (a classical flash-type chemiluminescent substance), the CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is simple in synthesis method, mild in conditions and short in the required time, the synthesized CuInS.sub.2@ZnS nanomaterial is not easy to decompose under light, and the CL waveband is in the near-infrared region.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition, a method of binding a zwitterionic nanoparticle and the use of a zwitterionic nanoparticle.

Passivated semiconductor nanoparticles and methods for the fabrication and use of passivated semiconductor nanoparticles is provided herein.

A method and a device for detection and quantification of various organic analytes in a liquid sample and an assay substrate for providing analyte measurements. The method is implemented by using specific interaction of organic analytes with selective binding sites immobilized on a multi-layer assay substrate with further detection of such interaction with a device based on inducing and recording the fluorescence of the substrate for bio-chemical, genetic and environmental analyses.

In one aspect, methods of sensing are described herein. In some embodiments, such a method comprises disposing a population of luminescent species in a test sample, exposing the test sample to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength corresponding to an excitation wavelength of the luminescent species, detecting light emitted by the luminescent species within a detection region of the test sample, and correlating the light emitted by the luminescent species within the detection region to a presence or absence of an analyte within the test sample. The luminescent species, in a non-aggregated state, exhibits luminescence blinking and, in an aggregated state, does not exhibit luminescence blinking. Additionally, correlating the light emitted by the luminescent species to the presence or absence of the analyte comprises determining whether the light emitted by the luminescent species within the detection region is blinking luminescence or non-blinking luminescence.