Disclosed herein are methods that aid in the determination of whether a subject has a traumatic brain injury (TBI) by detecting levels of at least one biomarker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in samples taken from a subject, such as a human subject, where the subject has received a head CT scan that is negative for a TBI.

Aspects of the application relate to methods and systems for obtaining information regarding multiple amino acids in a polypeptide based on binding interactions between the polypeptide and one or more amino acid recognizers. Kinetic signature information may be obtained from a series of signal pulses indicative of a series of binding events between one or more amino acid recognizers and an amino acid of a polypeptide (e.g., a terminal amino acid, an internal amino acid). The kinetic signature information (e.g., pulse duration, interpulse duration, recognition segment (RS) duration, intersegment duration) may be used to determine one or more chemical characteristics (e.g., identity, modification) of multiple amino acids of the polypeptide.

Described herein are IgG epitope peptides that bind rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and COVID-19. The IgG epitope peptides may be conjugated to a ligand, a detectable label, or a combination thereof. Also, the IgG epitope peptides are particularly useful in assays to detect antibodies in blood samples from subjects with RA risk factors, for example. The COVID-19 IgG epitope peptides are particularly useful in screening convalescent plasma.

The instant disclosure provides methods of detecting N-glycopeptides in a sample by contacting the sample with one or more exoglycosidases and detecting the N-glycopeptides by mass spectrometry. Also provided are methods of detecting the presence or progression of a liver disease and treating said liver disease.

A method for assessing a suicidal severity in a depressed patient according to an embodiment includes measuring a concentration of a suicidal behavior prediction biomarker contained in a biological sample of the depressed patient, wherein the suicidal behavior prediction biomarker is one or more markers selected from the group consisting of cortisol, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), homocysteine, total cholesterol, and folate, and determining a probability of an increased suicidal severity by comparing the measured concentration of the suicidal behavior prediction biomarker with a preset cutoff level thereof.

A method for predicting antidepressant treatment response and acute prognosis for depressed patients according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes measuring a concentration of an antidepressant treatment response prediction biomarker contained in a biological sample of a depressed patient at baseline and determining whether there is an acute phase remission, depending on the measured concentration of the antidepressant treatment response prediction marker.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the use of a melatonin agonist in the treatment of free running circadian rhythms in patients, including light perception impaired patients, e.g., blind patients, and to methods of measuring circadian rhythm.

This invention is related to the field of the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. The treatment of kidney disease may be tailored depending upon the need for, or expectation of, long-term dialysis. For example, prediction of long-term dialysis treatment can be determined by monitoring urine biomarkers related to the development of chronic kidney disease. For example, a normalized time course of approximately fourteen Days measuring hyaluronic acid, death receptor 5, and/or transforming growth factor β1 can be used to establish the risk of recovery versus non-recovery in patient's having suffered an acute kidney injury.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a method for identifying an agent beneficial to treat a patient with inflammatory bowel disease comprising: a) determining a status of an intestinal barrier in the patient; and b) categorizing the status as severe dysfunction or moderate dysfunction, wherein a patient categorized as having severe dysfunction is identified as a patient who will benefit from treatment with an agent selected from the group consisting of an anti-TNF agent and/or an anti-IL-12/23 agent, and a patient categorized as having moderate dysfunction is identified as a patient who will benefit from treatment with an anti-integrin agent, an anti-janus kinase agent, and/or and a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist agent.

Embodiments of the present technology include a method for testing a blood sample for sepsis. The method may include receiving a blood sample from an individual. The method may also include executing an instruction to analyze the blood sample for sepsis. In addition, the method may include measuring values of a set of characteristics in the blood sample. The set of characteristics being determined prior to measuring the values. The method may further include analyzing the values of the set of characteristics to produce a representation of a suspicion of sepsis. In addition, the method may include displaying the representation. Embodiments also include systems for testing blood sample for sepsis.