The present invention provides a rapid, sensitive method for forensic drug testing in a post-mortem subject or a live or a post-mortem animal using oral fluid collected from the post-mortem subject or live or post-mortem animal. The method comprises collecting a sample of oral fluid from a post-mortem subject or a live or a post-mortem animal, analyzing the oral fluid sample qualitatively to detect the presence of one or more non-naturally occurring drugs, analyzing the oral fluid sample quantitatively to determine concentration of the one or more non-naturally occurring drugs in the post-mortem subject or in the live or the post-mortem animal, and identifying the one or more non-naturally occurring drugs in the post-mortem subject or in the live or the post-mortem animal. The detection and quantification in oral fluid is more sensitive and faster than detection and quantification of the non-naturally occurring drugs in blood, urine, bile, and liver tissue collected from the same post-mortem subject. Further, the qualitative and quantitative results are obtained in as little as three hours.

Point of care drug of abuse test system configured to allow a small number of general test kits to be used to analyze many different combinations of analytes, while preserving privacy and the chain of custody. The system uses disposable multiple-analyte test kits and allows the operator to select which subset of kit analytes to run. The computerized device images the test kits and transmits test results to a remote server along with a test specific ID code. The test kit is often obfuscated so that the local operator cannot interpret the results. Other donor information, such as driver's licenses and signatures, are also obtained and transmitted as well. The remote server uses the test specific ID code to retrieve an obfuscation code (answer key) from the server's database, allowing the server to interpret the results. The annotated results are transmitted to a recipient along with suitable donor verification information.

An oral fluid collection device is provided that includes a borosilicate glass collection tube that can be capped post-collection for containing a human donor's expectorated oral fluid. The collection tube has a lyophilized reagent disposed therein that is essentially free of surfactants and solvents and includes a bacteriostatic, a peptidoglycan cleaving enzyme, an esterase inhibitor, an antioxidant, and a buffer at a pH range of about 5.7 to about 6.5 for stabilizing drugs and drug metabolites that may be present in the donor oral fluid. Interaction between the collected oral fluid and the buffer-preservative is provided by gravity drawing the collected oral fluid downward into contact with the lyophilized buffer-preservative. The lyophilized buffer-preservative brings the collected oral fluid to a pH for stabilization of the drugs and drug metabolites including .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major metabolite of THC, 11-nor-.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, (THCA), cocaine, and the major metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE).

This invention provides:an aptamer-based electrochemical sensor, wherein said aptamer is covalently bonded to or chemisorbed on an electrode, said aptamer forming a complex with a target molecule and is encapsulated by a gelatin B matrix;a method of manufacturing said aptamer-based electrochemical sensor;the use of the aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of a concentration of a target molecule; anda composite electrode combining a polymeric material and electrically conducting particles for selective analyte detection, wherein said electrode is coated with gelatin type B.

This is invention is related to processes for synthesis of levoamphetamine derivatives and novel intermediates thereby, and processes for using the same.

The present invention discloses a detection apparatus, comprising a base layer, wherein the base layer comprises a groove for containing a testing element and a sample chamber for collecting a fluid sample. The detection apparatus can achieve fast, efficient and accurate detection of analytes in liquid samples, make operators to perform testing conveniently and freely, without causing incorrect results. In some preferred modes, the sample chamber comprises a liquid channel.

Point of care drug of abuse test system configured to allow a small number of general test kits to be used to analyze many different combinations of analytes, while preserving privacy and the chain of custody. The system uses disposable multiple-analyte test kits and allows the operator to select which subset of kit analytes to run. The computerized device images the test kits and transmits test results to a remote server along with a test specific ID code. The test kit is often obfuscated so that the local operator cannot interpret the results. Other donor information, such as driver's licenses and signatures, are also obtained and transmitted as well. The remote server uses the test specific ID code to retrieve an obfuscation code (answer key) from the server's database, allowing the server to interpret the results. The annotated results are transmitted to a recipient along with suitable donor verification information.

The present invention provides a cocaine aptamer represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of the following chemical formula (CI) and the following chemical formula (CII),
5-R-DNA-L-Fc-3(CI)
5-Fc-L-DNA-R-3(CII) where R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon group and the derivative thereof; DNA consists of a gene sequence capable of binding to cocaine; L is absent or an optional linker; and Fc represents a ferrocene group. The above-identified cocaine aptamer is used to detect cocaine with high sensitivity.

The present invention provides a cocaine aptamer represented by the following chemical formula (Cl),
R-DNA-L-Fc(Cl) where R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon group and the derivative thereof; DNA consists of a gene sequence capable of binding to cocaine; L is a linker represented by ((CH.sub.2).sub.2O).sub.n1PO.sub.4(CH.sub.2).sub.n2-L1; L1 is absent or an optional linker; n1 represents a natural number; n2 represents a natural number; and Fc represents a ferrocene group. The cocaine aptamer is capable of detecting cocaine with high sensitivity.

Detection kits for identifying the presence of a drug are provided. In one exemplary implementation, the kit includes a dry colorimetric reagent and a delivery device containing a solvent or solvent mixture including the solvent. The delivery device is configured to deliver a portion of the solvent or solvent mixture to a target residue to form a sample residue. When at least a portion of the sample residue is brought into contact with the mixture, the mixture undergoes a chemical reaction when the sample residue contains a drug, in which the chemical reaction produces a visible color change that is indicative of the presence of the drug within the sample residue. Methods of manufacturing a detection kit are also provided.