A test apparatus for simulating a seismic dynamic response of an underground cavern includes a loading frame, an overlying model and an underlying model of the underground cavern, a static loading device, a dynamic loading device and a measuring device. A vertical load and a horizontal load are separately applied by the static loading device to the overlying model to simulate real vertical and horizontal in-situ stresses of the in-situ underground cavern. A seismic dynamic load is applied by the dynamic loading device to the underlying model, and then acts on the overlying model to simulate a real seismic ground motion on the in-situ underground cavern. In this way, the present invention satisfies simulation requirements for the seismic dynamic response of the underground cavern to implement a high-fidelity simulation on the underground cavern through unified loading of the in-situ stress static load and the seismic dynamic load.

A system and method for estimating the shear wall stress of an aerodynamic surface using a tuft visualization technique combined with a physics-informed neural network. The tuft visualization technique is a simplified method of generating velocity profile data of an aerodynamic model that can subsequently be used to generate a shear wall stress profile of the model. Systems and methods described herein also provide for additional input data using an augmented tuft and taps inputs for the physics-informed neural network to generate the shear wall stress profile.

A simulated anatomical joint includes a first artificial bone having a first articular surface, a second artificial bone having a second articular surface matable to the first articular surface to simulate a natural joint, and artificial ligaments connecting the first artificial bone to the second artificial bone. The artificial ligaments connect the first artificial bone to the second artificial bone such that the first articular surface is proximate to the second articular surface. The artificial ligaments connected to the first artificial bone and second artificial bone are adjustable to simulate stresses in a natural anatomical joint corresponding to the first artificial bone and second artificial bone.

A synthetic turf testing apparatus includes a test element, wherein the test element has a contact surface for contacting a synthetic turf surface, wherein the test element includes a temperature sensor for measuring a time dependent surface temperature of the contact surface; a pedestal attached to the test element, wherein the pedestal is configured for applying force to the test element; a carriage for translating the pedestal along a translational path; a guide structure for supporting the carriage and guiding the carriage along the translational path; and an actuator for moving the carriage relative to the guide structure.

Apparatus and methods for impact testing of a transparent substrate are provided. The apparatus includes a base (110) for receiving the transparent substrate (112), the base having a curved surface (124) about which the transparent substrate is bent by a first fixture (130) and a second fixture (132). An abrasive sheet (136) is disposed between the transparent substrate and an impacting object (138) which is released from above the substrate such that the force from the impacting object causes damage to the transparent substrate while the transparent substrate is bent about the curved surface.

The invention relates to a selection method of loss control materials for lost circulation control in fractured reservoirs based on photoelastic experiments. By using the photoelastic material to simulate rigid lost circulation material, obtaining photoelastic images and load curves during a loading process of plugging zones formed by the lost circulation material, selecting the lost circulation material according to structure stability of plugging zones. Based on a relationship between structures and performances and granular matter mechanics, the present method is with high reliable to duly observe distribution and evolution of internal forces in a pressure-bearing process of plugging zones, reveal an instability mechanism of the plugging zone, and optimize the lost circulation material in a targeted manner; the present disclosure based on mesoscopic structure characterization of plugging zones is for a new idea for material selection of deep fractured reservoirs, of good repeatability, simple operation and low economic cost.

Techniques for determining a characteristic of a sample using an atomic force microscope including a cantilever having a probe attached thereto, including positioning the sample within a cell and sliding the probe over a sliding zone of the sample within the cell. Lateral and vertical deformations of the cantilever are detected using the atomic force microscope as the probe is slid over the sliding zone. One or more characteristics are determined based on the detected lateral deformations of the cantilever.

A system for simulating in situ drilling and treatment conditions on a core sample from a subterranean formation. The system re-creates various subterranean loads and temperatures on a test sample representative of actual in situ conditions from the particular formation while a test structure within the system performs drilling activities on the core sample using drilling and treating under evaluation for use in the particular subterranean formation. Thus, the impact on selected drilling and treating fluids can be evaluated as well as the impact those fluids had on a sample from the subterranean formation under in situ conditions.

Systems and methods include a predictor module configured to receive an input, e.g., composition parameters and processing parameters. A processor processes the input to predict a material property, e.g., fatigue strength, of an alloy based on the input. The processor outputs the predicted fatigue strength of the alloy for display.

A fluid sampling unit includes a housing and a shutoff valve adapted to selectively permit and restrict fluid flow to a fluid line disposed within an internal cavity of the housing. An electrically-actuated valve is disposed within the housing downstream from, and in fluid communication with, the shutoff valve. A first metallic line including copper is disposed within the housing in fluid communication with and between the shutoff valve and the electrically-actuated valve. A second metallic line including lead is disposed within the housing in fluid communication with and between the shutoff valve and the electrically-actuated valve. A control unit includes a controller adapted to selectively actuate the electrically-actuated valve.