De novo designed polypeptides that bind to IL-2 receptor .sub.c heterodimer (IL-2R.sub.c), IL-4 receptor .sub.c heterodimer (IL-4R.sub.c), or IL-13 receptor subunit (IL-13R) are disclosed, as are methods for using and designing the polypeptides.

The present invention has discovered that the immunogenicity of a test substance can be evaluated in a short period of time by using, as an indicator of the immunogenicity of the test substance, the proportion of IL-2-secreting cells in a T cell population (preferably a CD4.sup.+ T cell population) at a time point during the early stage of IL-2 secretion after stimulation of the T cell population with the test substance (preferably 24 hours to 72 hours after the stimulation with the test substance).

Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating subjects with Celiac disease.

Disclosed are methods for identifying immunogenic peptides, and tools and/or reagents to be used in those methods. More specifically, the invention relates to combinatorial peptide library screening for synthetic antigenic peptides recognized by natural T-cell receptors.

Described herein are materials and methods for stratifying risk for reactivation of a latent viral infection, such as CMV infection. The methods are particularly useful for immune compromised subjects. Also described herein are interventions, including therapeutic, prophylactic, and monitoring interventions, for subjects determined to be at elevated risk.

The invention provides methods and compositions for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an individual. The methods provided herein entail administering a composition comprising an isolated Mycobacterium or antigenic fragments derived therefrom. Also provided herein are methods for assessing alleviation of symptoms and/or alteration of immune system functioning following administration of a composition comprising an isolated Mycobacterium or antigenic fragments derived therefrom.

The present invention relates to isolated protein sequences that correspond to cell binding peptides, fragments, neo-structures and/or neo-epitopes of a normally occurring serum protein present in human tissue, wherein the peptide, fragment, neo-structure and/or neo-epitope has an immunoregulatory activity and is the result of either an enhanced proteolytic activity and/or conformational changes in a tissue, or a malignant tumour. In the present patent application, a common structure of several of these peptides, fragments, neo-structures and/or neo-epitopes, having immunoregulatory activity by binding to receptors on immune cells, has been identified. The present invention further also relates to monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies directed to a cell binding fragment of a normally occurring serum protein present in human tissue, as described above.

De novo designed polypeptides that bind to IL-2 receptor .sub.cheterodimer (IL-2R.sub.c), IL-4 receptor .sub.cheterodimer (IL-4R.sub.c), or IL-13 receptor subunit (IL-13R) are disclosed, as are methods for using and designing the polypeptides.

The present invention relates to a composition containing IL-2 or an expression promoter or activator thereof as an active ingredient for prevention or treatment of cancer disease. In the present invention, it was discovered that when treating cancer cells with IL-2, an anticancer effect was enhanced by inhibiting the secretion of cancer cell-derived exosomes and the expression of PD-L1 inducing immune escape of T cells. IL-2 was also discovered to effectuate the anticancer effect directly on cancer cells compared to conventional techniques exhibiting an immune anticancer effect by activating cytotoxic T cells. Thus, IL-2 or an expression promoter or activator thereof can be advantageously used in a composition for prevention or treatment of cancer diseases.

Described herein are materials and methods for stratifying risk for reactivation of a latent viral infection, such as CMV infection. The methods are particularly useful for immune compromised subjects. Also described herein are interventions, including therapeutic, prophylactic, and monitoring interventions, for subjects determined to be at elevated risk.