The present invention relates to an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that has improved binding affinity for endothelin receptor type A. The present invention also relates to an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that has improved productivity. The antibody developed in the present invention is suitable for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases associated with endothelin receptor type A due to its remarkably improved binding affinity for the antigen and high productivity compared to conventional antibodies.

Described herein are compositions and methods useful for isolating compositions that repel insects, including mosquitoes.

A medicament for preventing or treating heart failure containing an antagonist of the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 as an active ingredient.

The present disclosure is directed to novel monoclonal antibodies that bind to ELTD 1 and methods for use thereof, including, detection and treatment of cancer, multiple sclerosis, retinopathy, or promoting tissue regeneration.

Research tool assay for identifying a specific modulator of GNAI, compositions and methods of use. The assay includes combining a drug candidate with GNAI and a C-terminal GIV peptide and determining if the drug candidate inhibits GNAI interaction with the C-terminal GIV peptide; and combining the drug candidate with GNAI and a DAPLE peptide and determining if the drug candidate inhibits GNAI interaction with DAPLE peptide. Also provided are compositions and methods of treatment relating to the same.

Disclosed herein are methods for selecting polypeptides that specifically bind to a target protein. In some cases, the methods involve panning a library of polypeptides for target polypeptides that bind to a target protein on the surface of a cell. Additionally, the disclosure provides cell lines expressing target proteins for use with the disclosed methods.

Agents that specifically bind to an opioid receptor in a conformationally specific way can be used to induce a conformational change in the receptor. Such agents have therapeutic applications and can be used in X-ray crystallography studies of the receptor. Such agents can also be used to improve drug discovery via compound screening and/or structure-based drug design.

The present invention relates to a method, a program, and a system for determining a formulation of a combination consisting of multiple candidate substrates of smell, taste, or somatic sensation and reproducing a smell, taste, or somatic sensation of a target substance, and a method for producing a mixture that reproduces a smell, taste, or somatic sensation of a target substance, from a combination consisting of multiple candidate substrates of smell, taste, or somatic sensation. The method for determining a formulation of a combination consisting of multiple candidate substrates of smell, taste, or somatic sensation and reproducing a smell, taste, or somatic sensation of a target substance comprises determining a mixture ratio of the multiple candidate substrates of smell, taste, or somatic sensation such that with respect to one or multiple desired olfactory, taste, or somatosensory receptors, a dose response curve of the receptor for the target substance and a dose response curve of the receptor for the combination consisting of the multiple candidate substrates of smell, taste, or somatic sensation approximate each other, wherein the target substance is a single compound or a mixture of multiple compounds.

An object of the present invention is to demonstrate the existence of a heterodimer of somatostatin receptor subtype 1 (SSTR1) and somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4) and also to provide a method for screening a factor that binds to such a heterodimer and the heterodimer that can be used in the screening method. A transformant expressing a heterodimer of somatostatin receptor subtype 1 and somatostatin receptor subtype 4, into which DNA encoding somatostatin receptor subtype 1 and DNA encoding somatostatin receptor subtype 4 have been introduced. A method for screening a compound that interacts with a heterodimer of somatostatin receptor subtype 1 and somatostatin receptor subtype 4, comprising selecting the compound that interacts with the heterodimer from test compounds.

Provided herein are methods of identifying an agent that activates a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)intracellularly. Also provided are isolated mutant PAR2 polypeptides, isolated polynucleotides encoding the mutant PAR2 polypeptides, vectors comprising the isolated polynucleotides, and host cells comprising the vectors.