A pixel structure is provided. The pixel structure includes a substrate and an insulating layer on the substrate. The insulating layer includes a plane region. An electrode pattern is disposed on the insulating layer and located on the plane region. The electrode pattern includes a bottom layer and a plurality of protrusions connected to the bottom layer. The protrusions protrude from the top surface of the bottom layer towards a direction away from the substrate. The bottom layer covers the plane region. A plurality of slits are formed between the protrusions so as to expose portions of the bottom layer. A liquid-crystal display having the pixel structure is also provided.

The present invention relates to a polymer containing scattering type VA liquid crystal device with very low hysteresis characteristics. The reduction of the hysteresis is achieved by providing a pretilt angle.

An imaging directional backlight apparatus including a waveguide, a light source array, for providing large area directed illumination from localized light sources. The waveguide may include a stepped structure, in which the steps may further include extraction features optically hidden to guided light, propagating in a first forward direction. Returning light propagating in a second backward direction may be refracted, diffracted, or reflected by the features to provide discrete illumination beams exiting from the top surface of the waveguide. The directional backlight may be arranged to switch between at least a first wide angular luminance profile mode and a second narrow angular luminance profile mode. The directional backlight is arranged to illuminate an LCD with a bias electrode arranged to switch liquid crystal directors in black state pixels between a first wide angular contrast profile mode and a second narrow angular contrast profile mode. Performance of privacy operation for off-axis snoopers is enhanced in comparison to displays with only directional backlights or switchable contrast properties.

Provided is a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature, a low minimum temperature, small viscosity, large optical anisotropy and large dielectric anisotropy, or has a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics, and an AM device including the composition. The liquid crystal composition may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component, a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component, a specific compound having negative dielectric anisotropy as a third component, or a specific compound having a polymerizable group as an additive component.

A liquid crystal display panel includes pixels including a reflective region for display in a reflection mode and a transmissive region for display in a transmission mode. The liquid crystal display panel includes a liquid crystal layer including a nematic liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy and a chiral agent, a pixel electrode including a reflective conductive layer and a transparent conductive layer, a counter electrode, a light diffusing structure provided in common to the reflective region and the transmissive region, and a first vertical alignment film provided between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal layer, and a second vertical alignment film provided between the counter electrode and the liquid crystal layer. At least one of the first vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film has an alignment regulating force defining a pretilt azimuthal direction, and in a case where the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective region is dr, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive region is dt, dr and dt are in a range of 0.85≤dt/dr≤1.25.

The present invention discloses a liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel, comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. And the liquid crystal panel further comprises: a thin film transistor array and a color resist layer are disposed on the first substrate, and the liquid crystal layer is negative type liquid crystal molecules. As such, the present invention can improve the transmitting rate of the liquid crystal panel.

The liquid crystal display device includes, sequentially from a viewing surface side to a back surface side: a linearly polarizing plate and a circularly polarizing plate including a first λ/4 retardation layer; a thin-film transistor substrate including a pair of electrodes disposed in a pixel region and a metal line disposed outside the pixel region; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned parallel to the thin-film transistor substrate, alignment of the liquid crystal molecules varying in response to an electric field generated by application of voltage to the pair of electrodes; a color filter substrate including a color filter layer; and a backlight, the thin-film transistor substrate including a second λ/4 retardation layer, the color filter substrate including a reflective layer disposed outside the pixel region and configured to reflect incident light from the backlight toward the back surface.

Provided is a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature, a low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and high stability to heat, or has a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and an AM device including the composition and having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio or a long service life. The composition contains a specific compound having at least one polymerizable group, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The composition may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component.

According to one embodiment, an optical device includes a first light-modulating element transmitting or scattering light, and a second light-modulating element transmitting or scattering the light passing through the first light-modulating element, a driving module alternately performing a first mode of making the first light-modulating element scatter the light and making the second light-modulating element transmit the light, and a second mode of making the first light-modulating element transmit the light and making the second light-modulating element scatter the light.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active devices connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative (−) dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.