A toner, including a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin contains a polymer A, the polymer A including a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer different from the first polymerizable monomer; the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C.sub.18-36 alkyl group; the toner has a first monomer unit content and a second monomer unit content in the polymer A which are within specific ranges, and assuming that an SP value of the first monomer unit is taken as SP.sub.11 and an SP value of the second monomer unit is taken as SP.sub.21, the formula (1) below is satisfied, and the molecular weight of the release agent is at least 1,000.
3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00(1)

A toner having an inorganic fine particle and a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer that is different from the first polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from the (meth)acrylic acid esters each having a C.sub.18-36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is within a specific range, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit are in a specific relationship to one another, the inorganic fine particle is surface treated with a compound having an alkyl group, and the volume resistivity of the inorganic fine particle is within a specific range.

Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60(SP.sub.22SP.sub.12)15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

Provided is a positive-charging toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer, and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C18 to C36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 to 60.0 mol % and the content of the second monomer unit is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, SP.sub.11 of the first monomer unit and SP.sub.21 of the second monomer unit satisfy 3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00, and the work function of the toner is 5.0 to 5.4 V.

Described herein is a method for manufacturing a low gloss toner. The method includes mixing a resin, a colorant and an optional wax in water to form an emulsion. The emulsion is heated in the presence of a polyion coagulant to form a plurality of aggregated particles, wherein the heating is to a temperature of below the glass transition temperature of the resin. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is added to the heated emulsion in amount of from 0.4 weight percent to about 1.0 percent by weight based on of a total weight of reagents while stirring, wherein the trisodium citrate dihydrate. The aggregated particles are heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin to form toner particles have a volume average particle diameter of from 4.3 microns to 4.9 microns.

Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60(SP.sub.22SP.sub.12)15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

Provided is a positive-charging toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer, and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C18 to C36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 to 60.0 mol % and the content of the second monomer unit is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, SP.sub.11 of the first monomer unit and SP.sub.21 of the second monomer unit satisfy 3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00, and the work function of the toner is 5.0 to 5.4 V.

A toner for electrostatic image development includes: toner base particles containing at least a nonionic surfactant, a binder resin, and a release agent; and an external additive. The content of the nonionic surfactant is from 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass inclusive based on the total mass of the toner. The external additive contains inorganic particles having an arithmetic mean particle diameter of from 50 nm to 400 nm inclusive and an average circularity of from 0.5 to 0.8 inclusive.

A toner including: a toner particle that includes a binder resin; and an external additive, wherein a toner hardness A N/m and a toner hardness B N/m satisfy B600 and B/A1.30, in the formulas, the toner hardness A is an average value of a slope in a displacement region of from 0.00 m to 0.20 m when measuring the toner under a condition of a load application speed of 0.83 N/sec, and the toner hardness B is an average value of a slope in a displacement region of from 0.00 m to 0.20 m when measuring the toner under a condition of a load application speed of 2.50 N/sec.

A toner has a toner particle including a binder resin, the binder resin includes a polymer A, the polymer A contains a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 mol % to 60.0 mol %, the content of the second monomer unit in the polymer A is 20.0 mol % to 95.0 mol %, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit satisfy a predetermined relationship, the polymer A includes a predetermined polyvalent metal, and the content of the polyvalent metal is 25 ppm to 500 ppm.