Provided is an image forming method using an electrostatic image developing toner containing: toner mother particles including a binder resin; and an external additive, wherein the binder resin contains a vinyl resin in an amount of 40 mass % or more with respect to the total amount of the binder resin, the image forming method including a step of: forming an image so that an image surface resistance value at 70 C. by a temperature change method of the formed image is set to be 510.sup.13 or less.

A support material toner particle for use in xerographic additive manufacturing includes a .Iadd.PVA polymer blend including a .Iaddend.polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer and blend-additives including a chitosan and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the amount of blend-additives is selected to adjust the T.sub.g of the PVA polymer .Iadd.blend .Iaddend.to be within about 1 C. to about 20 C. of a desired build material toner T.sub.g. A xerographic toner system includes a build toner material and a support toner material, the support toner material includes .Iadd.a PVA polymer blend including .Iaddend.a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer and blend-additives including a chitosan and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the amount of blend-additives is selected to adjust the T.sub.g of the PVA polymer .Iadd.blend .Iaddend.to be within about 1 C. to about 20 C. of the build material toner T.sub.g. A method of making a support toner material includes blending polyvinyl alcohol with blend additives including a chitosan and polyvinylpyrrolidone and forming support toner particles after the blending step.

A magnetic toner is provided, which has a magnetic toner particle containing a binder resin, a wax, and a magnetic body, wherein, when Dn is a number-average particle diameter of the toner, CV1 is coefficient of variation of a brightness variance value of the toner in a particle diameter range of Dn 0.500 to +0.500, and CV2 is coefficient of variation of a brightness variance value of the toner in a particle diameter range of Dn 1.500 to 0.500, a relationship CV2/CV11.00 is satisfied; an average brightness of the toner in the range of Dn 0.500 to +0.500 is 30.0 to 60.0; and when, in a cross section of the toner observed using a transmission electron microscope, which is divided with a square grid having a side of 0.8 m, coefficient of variation CV3 of an occupied area percentage for the magnetic body is 40.0 to 80.0%.

The present invention aims to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in abrasion resistance and electrical properties, which uses polymers excellent in surface-active functions such as fluororesin dispersibility and electrical properties, and relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which contains a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (A1), provided that the definitions of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, R.sup.11 to R.sup.16 in Formula (A1), and R.sup.21 in Formula (A2) are shown in the specification

##STR00001##

A toner, including a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the binder resin contains a polymer A, the polymer A including a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer different from the first polymerizable monomer; the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C.sub.18-36 alkyl group; the toner has a first monomer unit content and a second monomer unit content in the polymer A which are within specific ranges, and assuming that an SP value of the first monomer unit is taken as SP.sub.11 and an SP value of the second monomer unit is taken as SP.sub.21, the formula (1) below is satisfied, and the molecular weight of the release agent is at least 1,000.

3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00(1)

A toner has a toner particle including a binder resin, the binder resin includes a polymer A, the polymer A contains a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 mol % to 60.0 mol %, the content of the second monomer unit in the polymer A is 20.0 mol % to 95.0 mol %, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit satisfy a predetermined relationship, the polymer A includes a predetermined polyvalent metal, and the content of the polyvalent metal is 25 ppm to 500 ppm.

A toner having an inorganic fine particle and a toner particle containing a binder resin, wherein the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer that is different from the first polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from the (meth)acrylic acid esters each having a C.sub.18-36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is within a specific range, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit are in a specific relationship to one another, the inorganic fine particle is surface treated with a compound having an alkyl group, and the volume resistivity of the inorganic fine particle is within a specific range.

Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60(SP.sub.22SP.sub.12)15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

Provided is a positive-charging toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer, and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C18 to C36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 to 60.0 mol % and the content of the second monomer unit is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, SP.sub.11 of the first monomer unit and SP.sub.21 of the second monomer unit satisfy 3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00, and the work function of the toner is 5.0 to 5.4 V.

A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin, the storage elastic modulus Gt (150) of the toner at 150 C. is at least 1.010.sup.4 Pa, the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer different from the first polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from specific (meth)acrylic acid esters, the contents of the first monomer unit and second monomer unit in the polymer A are within specific ranges, and the SP values of the first monomer unit and second monomer unit are within specific ranges.