A process includes forming an emulsion comprising a monomer and a colorant, the colorant further including an anionic functional group and a lipophilic counter ion, and polymerizing the monomer to form a latex, the latex includes polymer nanoparticles having the colorant dispersed therein.

A toner including: a binder resin containing an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; a polysiloxane derivative A represented by structural formula 1; and a polysiloxane derivative B represented by structural formula 2: ##STR00001##
(in structural formula 1, R.sub.1 to R.sub.10 each independently represent a methyl group or a phenyl group, and l, m and n each independently represent an integer of at least 1) ##STR00002##
(in structural formula 2, at least one of R.sub.11 to R.sub.20 is an organic group having a C.sub.4-30 alkyl group, a C.sub.4-30 alkoxy group, an acrylic group, an amino group, a methacrylic group or a carboxyl group, the remaining groups among R.sub.11 to R.sub.20 each independently represent a methyl group or a phenyl group, and p, q and r each independently represent an integer of at least 1).

Provided is a toner including toner particles each containing an amorphous polyester resin and a wax, in which: the surface of each of the toner particles has a coating layer; and the coating layer contains one or more kinds of olefin-based copolymers each having a specific ester moiety.

A magnetic toner is provided, which has a magnetic toner particle containing a binder resin, a wax, and a magnetic body, wherein, when Dn is a number-average particle diameter of the toner, CV1 is coefficient of variation of a brightness variance value of the toner in a particle diameter range of Dn0.500 to +0.500, and CV2 is coefficient of variation of a brightness variance value of the toner in a particle diameter range of Dn1.500 to 0.500, a relationship CV2/CV1 1.00 is satisfied; an average brightness of the toner in the range of Dn0.500 to +0.500 is 30.0 to 60.0; and when, in a cross section of the toner observed using a transmission electron microscope, which is divided with a square grid having a side of 0.8 m, coefficient of variation CV3 of an occupied area percentage for the magnetic body is 40.0 to 80.0%.

A toner comprising a toner particle including a resin component, wherein the resin component includes an olefin resin and an olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group, the olefin resin has a specific monomer unit Y1, the olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group has a specific monomer unit Z1 and Z2, a hydroxyl value of the olefin resin is not more than 10 mg KOH/g, a hydroxyl value of the olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group is at least 20 mg KOH/g and not more than 250 mg KOH/g, and a content of the olefin resin in the resin component is more than 50 mass % with respect to a total mass of the resin component.

An electrostatic charge image developing white toner according to the present invention includes toner base particles including rutile type titanium oxide particles as colorant and a binder resin. The rutile type titanium oxide particles are composed of two groups Ga and Gb of rutile type titanium oxide particles have different volume particle size distribution. A volume particle size distribution curve of the rutile type titanium oxide particles represents diameter on a horizontal axis and volume ratio on a vertical axis and has two main peaks. Diameters Da and Db of peak top positions of the two main peaks are respectively within a range of 100 to 500 nm, and satisfy following Relational expressions:
(Relational expression 1):25 nmDbDa200 nm
(Relational expression 2):(mass of Ga):(mass of Gb)=5:95 to 30:70.

Novel cleaning compositions, usable for removing a cured support material from a printed object obtained by additive manufacturing such as 3D inkjet printing are provided. The cleaning compositions are aqueous alkaline compositions containing a combination of two alkaline substances: an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal silicate, each at a concentration of no more than 3 weight percents of the total weight of the composition. The cleaning compositions are characterized by high and constant dissolution rate, and are particularly useful for removing a cured support material that includes cross-linked polymeric chains such as cross-linked polyacrylate chains. Kits comprising the alkaline substances, and methods of fabricating a three-dimensional model object which utilize the cleaning compositions or the kits, and a three-dimensional model object fabricated thereby, are also provided.

Novel support material formulations, characterized as providing a cured support material with improved dissolution rate, while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength, are disclosed. The formulations comprise a water-miscible non-curable polymer, a first water-miscible, curable material and a second, water-miscible material that is selected capable of interfering with intermolecular interactions between polymeric chains formed upon exposing the first water-miscible material to curing energy. Methods of fabricating a three-dimensional object, and a three-dimensional object fabricated thereby are also disclosed.

Provided is a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a wax, wherein the solubility parameter S.sub.P of the binder resin is at least 9.4 and not more than 10.0; the binder resin contains a resin having a structure represented by the following formula (1) in the terminal position on a main chain of the resin,

*CORformula (1)

(in formula (1), R represents a phenyl group or a derivative thereof, or COOR.sub.1, R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, and * represents a bond to the main chain of the resin); the solubility parameter S.sub.W of the wax is at least 8.1 and not more than 9.0; and S.sub.P and S.sub.W satisfy formula (2),

|S.sub.PS.sub.W|>0.5formula (2).

Provided is a toner including toner particles each containing an amorphous polyester resin and a wax, in which: the surface of each of the toner particles has a coating layer; and the coating layer contains one or more kinds of olefin-based copolymers each having a specific ester moiety.