Provided is a toner including toner base particles. Each toner base particle includes a crosslinked component. The crosslinked component includes a nonlinear polymer having 3 or more branches, terminals of which are metal ion crosslinked, and a glass transition temperature Tg of the nonlinear polymer as measured by differential scanning calorimetry is −60° C. or higher but lower than 0° C.

A toner containing a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein, in measurement of powder dynamic viscoelasticity of the toner, when T(A)° C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E′ obtained at a ramp rate of 20° C./min, EA′(100) Pa is taken as a storage elastic modulus at 100° C. obtained at a ramp rate of 20° C./min, and T(B)° C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E′ obtained at a ramp rate of 5° C./min, T(A)−T(B) is 3.0° C. or less, T(A) is from 45.0° C. to 70.0° C., and EA′(100) is from 4.0×10.sup.9 Pa to 6.5×10.sup.9 Pa.

A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, and an ester wax A having a specific structure, wherein in a diffraction spectrum obtained by an X-ray diffractometer after the toner has been allowed to stand at 120° C. for 5 minutes and then at 60° C. for 5 minutes, assuming that a spectrum having a maximum peak in a range where 2θ is from 5.45° to 5.95° is P1 and an integrated intensity of the P1 is S1, and a spectrum having a maximum peak in a range where 2θ is from 21.45° to 21.95° is P2 and an integrated intensity of the P2 is S2, relationships of formulas (2) and (3) below are satisfied.

S1/S2≤0.25  (2)

S2≥1000  (3)

Disclosed herein is a toner composition, developer and additive for a toner composition. The toner composition includes toner particles including at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax, and a polymeric toner additive on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles. The polymeric toner additive includes a polymeric resin including a fluorinated monomer, wherein the polymeric resin is less than 10% by weight crosslinked, and optionally a charge control agent comprising nitrogen containing group at 0.1 wt % to 1.5 wt % of the polymeric resin.

Novel cleaning compositions, usable for removing a cured support material from a printed object obtained by additive manufacturing such as 3D inkjet printing are provided. The cleaning compositions are aqueous alkaline compositions containing a combination of two alkaline substances: an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal silicate, each at a concentration of no more than 3 weight percents of the total weight of the composition. The cleaning compositions are characterized by high and constant dissolution rate, and are particularly useful for removing a cured support material that includes cross-linked polymeric chains such as cross-linked polyacrylate chains. Kits comprising the alkaline substances, and methods of fabricating a three-dimensional model object which utilize the cleaning compositions or the kits, and a three-dimensional model object fabricated thereby, are also provided.

Disclosed herein is a toner composition, developer and additive for a toner composition. The toner composition includes toner particles having at least one resin, an optional colorant, an optional wax, and a crosslinked polymer particle on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles. The crosslinked polymeric particle on a surface of the toner particles includes at least a hydrophobic monomer comprising a non-fluorinated monomer having a carbon to oxygen (C/O) ratio of 3 or greater or a fluorinated monomer. The crosslinked polymer particle includes a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups present in an amount from about 8 wt % to about 40 wt % of the copolymer, a metal oxide and optionally a charge control agent monomer.

A toner comprising a resin that contains an amorphous segment and a crystalline segment as a binder resin, wherein a proportion of a tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter of a resin component is from 40% by mass to 80% by mass; in differential scanning calorimeter measurement of the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter, where a temperature of a maximum endothermic peak is denoted by Tm [° C.] and an endothermic quantity is denoted by H(I) [J/g], the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied:
55.0≤Tm≤80.0  (1)
10.0≤H(I)≤80.0  (2).

Novel support material formulations, characterized as providing a cured support material with improved dissolution rate, while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength, are disclosed. The formulations comprise a water-miscible non-curable polymer, a first water-miscible, curable material and a second, water-miscible material that is selected capable of interfering with intermolecular interactions between polymeric chains formed upon exposing the first water-miscible material to curing energy. Methods of fabricating a three-dimensional object, and a three-dimensional object fabricated thereby are also disclosed.

Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60≤(SP.sub.22−SP.sub.12)≤15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

The present invention provides a toner for electrostatic-image development comprising color resin particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, a charge control agent, and a thickener, wherein the binder resin is a copolymer including styrene-monomer unit and (meth)acrylate monomer unit, the thickener is a resin containing a nitrogen atom, and the content of nitrogen atom is 150 to 1500 mass ppm in the toner for electrostatic-image development.