A method for producing core shell toner particles wherein the toner core includes a unique softening agent consisting of a core shell styrene acrylic latex having an encapsulated IPN microgel. A first polymer emulsion is combined and agglomerated with a pigment dispersion and a wax emulsion and the above described styrene acrylic latex having an encapsulated IPN microgel to form toner cores. A second polymer emulsion is combined and agglomerated with the toner cores to form toner shells around the toner cores. The toner cores and toner shells are then fused to form toner particles.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles including a particulate toner matrix and an external additive adhering to a surface of the particulate toner matrix. The particulate toner matrix includes a crystalline polyester resin. The external additive includes silica particles. The silica particles are secondary particles including primary particles having a diameter in the range of 30 to 90 nm. The secondary particles have an average circularity in the range of 0.25 to 0.50. The secondary particles have an average aspect ratio of 3.0 or more.

A chemically prepared toner composition according to one example embodiment includes a core including a first polymer binder, a colorant and a release agent; a shell that is formed around the core that includes a second polymer binder; and a borax coupling agent between the core and the shell and an alkoxysilane hydrocarbon or combination of different alkoxysilane hydrocarbons that are bonded to the outer surface of the shell using a hydrolytic deposition process. This successful alkoxysilane hydrocarbon surface treatment on the outer surface of the toner particle results in attaining a desirable charge stability in hot and humid environments and ultimately improving the quality of the toner, especially by reducing toner dusting, toner fuming and ultra-fine particles generation.

A method for producing core shell toner for electrophotography according to one embodiment, includes surface treating the outer surface of a core shell toner particle with a alkoxysilane hydrocarbon or combination of different alkoxysilane hydrocarbons using a hydrolytic deposition process after the core shell toner particle is fully formed. This method results in the bonding of the alkoxysilane hydrocarbon or combination of different alkoxysilane hydrocarbons to the outer surface of the core shell toner particle. In an alternative method, the outer surface of the toner is surface treated with the alkoxysilane hydrocarbon solution and then fused to form toner particles. The alkoxysilane hydrocarbon surface treated core shell toner also can be mixed with magnetic carrier beads to form a developer mix to be used in a dual component development electrophotographic printer.

A plurality of toner particles each include a toner core, a shell layer covering a surface of the toner core, and a plurality of magnetic particles penetrating the shell layer. Each of the magnetic particles has an embedded portion and a protrusion portion. The embedded portions are embedded in the surface of the toner core. The protrusion portions are located further outward than the embedded portions in a radial direction of the toner particle and protrude outward from a surface of the shell layer in the radial direction of the toner particle. An average Heywood diameter X of the magnetic particles, a shell layer thickness Y, and an average value Z of protrusion heights of the respective magnetic particles satisfy relation (1) and relation (2) shown below.

0<Z(X/2)(1)

10 nmY50 nm(2)

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

Disclosed is a toner including toner particles each including a core portion that contains a binder resin, and a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer, in which each of the toner particles contains a polyvalent metal element having a resistivity of 2.510.sup.8 .Math.m or more and 10.010.sup.8 .Math.m or less at 20 C., and when the toner particles are subjected to X-ray fluorescence analysis, a net intensity originating from the polyvalent metal element is 0.10 kcps or more and 30.00 kcps or less.

A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

A low melt toner includes a core having a core polystyrene-butyl acrylate resin, a crystalline polyester resin, a pigment present in an amount from about 7% to about 20% by weight of the low melt toner, and a paraffin wax; a ratio of the polystyrene-butyl acrylate resin to crystalline polyester resin is in a range from about 5:1 to about 7:1; and a shell disposed over the core including a shell polystyrene-butyl acrylate resin.

The present disclosure relates to a chemically prepared toner composition including a toner particle having a core including a first polymer binder, an styrene acrylate encapsulated wax latex, a pigment, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same. The disclosed method of preparing the toner results in a change in the distribution of the components of the toner particle wherein the lower molecular weight resins, the pigment, and the wax are located away from the surface of the toner particle and the pigment is clinging to the edge of the wax domain.