A method and memory device of controlling a plurality of low power states are provided. The method includes: entering a low power mode state, in which memory cell rows of the memory device are refreshed and power consumption is lower than in a self-refresh mode state, in response to a low power state entry command; and exiting the low power mode state based on a low power mode exit latency time that is set in a mode register of the memory device or at least one of an alarm signal and a low power mode exit command.

A method includes receiving signaling indicative of performance of a shutdown operation involving a memory device to a controller resident on the memory device; initiating a power off sequence in response to the received signaling, wherein the power off sequence includes execution of instructions corresponding to a plurality of routines; and writing data comprising respective shutdown signatures associated with execution of the plurality of routines to a media associated with the memory device upon completion of each of one or more of the plurality of routines, wherein the media is bit-addressable or byte-addressable.

A memory chip includes at least two memory blocks. In a method for controlling power supply for the memory blocks of the memory chip, each memory block receives a command for switching to standby mode. The commands are issued, for example by a processor, separately for each memory block in order to be able to individually place the memory block in standby mode.

A memory card, for use with a host system, combines both: (i) non-volatile memory express (NVMe) data storage such as a solid state drive (SSD) with (ii) dynamic random access memory (DRAM) conforming to the computer express link (CXL) protocol. The SSD and CXL DRAM share a common controller. CXL memory requests from the host system are handled according to the CXL.io protocol. NVMe data requests are wrapped into a CXL request packet. The common front end identifies the NVMe data request(s) within the CXL packet, parses the NVMe data request, and routes the request to the NVMe memory. A host operating system software driver intercepts the NVMe memory requests and wraps them into the CXL request packet.

Methods, systems, and devices for volatile register to detect power loss are described. The memory system may receive a command to enter a first power mode having a lower power consumption than a second power mode. The memory system may store data in a register associated with the memory system before entering the first power mode (e.g., a low-power mode). The memory system may receive a command to exit the first power mode. The memory system may determine whether the data stored in the register includes one or more errors. The memory system may select a reset operation to perform to exit the first power mode based on determining whether the data stored in the register includes one or more errors.

According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a compressor configured to output second data obtained by compressing input first data and a non-volatile memory to which third data based on the second data output from the compressor is written. The compressor includes a dictionary coding unit configured to perform dictionary coding on the first data, an entropy coding unit configured to perform entropy coding on the result of the dictionary coding, a first calculation unit configured to calculate compression efficiencies of the dictionary coding and the entropy coding, and a first control unit configured to control an operation of at least one of the dictionary coding unit and the entropy coding unit based on the compression efficiencies and a power reduction level.

The invention introduces a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for adjusting operating frequencies when executed by a processing unit of a device, containing program code to: collect an interface-activity parameter comprising information about data transmissions on a host access interface and/or a flash access interface; select one from multiple frequencies according to the interface-activity parameter; and drive a clock generator to output a clock signal at the selected frequency, thereby enabling the host access interface and/or the flash access interface to operate at an operating frequency.

Disclosed is a method of operating a storage controller which communicates with a host and a non-volatile memory device. The method includes receiving a first state transition request for a device open from the host, performing a first active zone refresh operation of the non-volatile memory device in response to the first state transition request such that a zone, which has an active state before an immediately previous power-off is processed to a sequentially writable state in one block, receiving, by a first buffer memory, first target data to be stored in a first block of a first zone among the plurality of zones from the host depending on a first write request, receiving a first power-off request from the host, during processing the first write request, and storing the first target data in a first power loss protection (PLP) block of the non-volatile memory device.

A storage unit is disclosed. The storage unit may include an interface to a host and storage for a data. A receiver may receive from a host a boot power data. The boot power data may including a first power level and a duration. A circuit may boot the storage unit based at least in part on the boot power data. The storage unit may include a second power level, with the first power level greater than the second power level.

A host can determine whether to train an AI accelerator of a memory sub-system. Responsive to determining to train the AI accelerator, the host can determine a training category corresponding to a memory access request. The host can also provide an indication to the memory sub-system that causes training of the AI accelerator to be performed based on the training category.