A host device can download a firmware update to a peripheral device having previously enumerated with the host device. The host device can perform link training with the peripheral device in response to a re-enumeration indication received from the peripheral device. The link training can include switching a Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM) in the host device from an active state (U0) to an RX.Detect state and synchronizing with the peripheral device in the RX.Detect state. The host device can re-enumerate with the peripheral device utilizing the firmware update after the host device completes link training with the peripheral device.

A handshaking method adopted by a hybrid HDD having a bridge unit and multiple storages is disclosed. The bridge unit pre-sends X_RDY.sub.p signal of a first packet of a command to one of the storages when a bus is in an idle state, and receives R_RDY.sub.p signal from the storage. After receiving X_RDY.sub.p signal from a host, the bridge unit immediately sends the R_RDY.sub.p signal to the host. The bridge unit then receives other signals from the host continually and sends them to the storage. After the first packet is completely transmitted, the bridge unit pre-sends X_RDY.sub.p signal of next packet, without waiting for the host or the storage to initiate transmitting the next packet, so as to reduce the handshaking time.

An accessing method of a hybrid hard-disk drive (HDD) comprising a main storage and a cache storage is disclosed. When receiving data, the HDD directly writes the data to the cache storage. The HDD determines whether the capacity of saved data in the cache storage exceeds a threshold capacity, and controls the cache storage to synchronously write exceeding part of the saved data to the main storage. When the cache storage is full, the HDD deletes synchronized data of the cache storage for refreshing the cache storage and writes new incoming data to the refreshed cache storage.

A device includes a first interface to receive a signal from a first communication link, wherein the receive signal includes out-of-band (OOB) information. A detector coupled to the first interface detects the OOB information. An encoder coupled to the detector encodes the OOB information into one or more symbols (e.g., control characters). A second interface is coupled to the encoder and a second communication link (e.g., a serial transport path). The second interface transmits the symbols on the second communication link. The device also includes mechanisms for preventing false presence detection of terminating devices.

HDMI systems, devices, circuits, and apparatuses perform functions to allow extending the number of HDMI inputs for an HDMI device using cascaded HDMI extenders. HDMI extenders are mechanically coupled and decoupled to an HDMI device such as an HDMI switch or sink device. HDMI extenders include HDMI input ports to receive HDMI signals and include connectors to receive and transmit HDMI signals as well as non-HDMI signals for configuration and control of the HDMI extenders. One or more mechanically coupled HDMI extenders are configured by the HDMI device based on information received from HDMI source devices connected to the HDMI extenders and to the HDMI device. The HDMI extenders select between HDMI signals received from their input ports or HDMI signals received from their connectors, and provide the selected HDMI signals to the HDMI device. HDMI extenders are configured to be cascaded in any number to increase HDMI source availability.

A device, which may be a peripheral device or a host computing device, comprises a communication interface, a memory and a processor. The processor is arranged to detect imminent disconnection of a communication link between the peripheral device and the host computing device and in response to detecting the imminent disconnection of the communication link, to trigger a data transfer from the host computing device to the peripheral device via the communication interface. The data transfer defines, at least in part, a fixed output data set which, after disconnection, is output via an output device in the peripheral device.

In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises: a controller to communicate data having a format according to a first communication protocol, the controller comprising a Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI)-compatible controller; an interface circuit coupled to the controller to receive the data, convert the data and communicate the converted data to a physical unit of a second communication protocol, the converted data having a format according to the second communication protocol; and the physical unit coupled to the interface circuit to receive and serialize the converted data and output the serialized converted data to a destination. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

The disclosure generally relates to methods, system and apparatus to optimize Quality of Service (QoS) for communications using Medium Agnostic Universal Serial Bus (MA USB) protocol. In one embodiment, assignment of specific QoS parameters for certain Endpoint is triggered by the platform running MA USB host once a specific usage model occurs. Once triggered, MA USB Host engages an MA USB Hub or Device in a two-way handshake to communicate QoS parameters. The two-way handshake includes transmitting an Update Endpoint Quality-of-Service (QoS) Request frame to the selected Endpoint Handles at the MA USB Device; and receiving an Update Endpoint QoS Response from the MA USB Device.

An apparatus including a handshake window enabler having a pair of differential inputs and a window enablement output, a common mode detector coupled to a power input and a ground input and having a handshake inhibit output, and a handshake disabler coupled to the handshake window enabler, the common mode detector, and the pair of differential inputs. If a common mode voltage that out of range (“too high”) is detected, high speed handshake protocols are such that the bus operates a lower data rate.

Techniques for embedded high speed serial interface methods are described herein. The techniques include an apparatus for sideband signaling including a first serial sideband link module and a second serial sideband link module. The first serial sideband link module is to propagate packets from an upstream port to a downstream port via a first signaling lane, and the second serial sideband link module is to propagate packets from the downstream port to the upstream port via a second signaling lane.