This disclosure provides an electrophoretic display system including a first electrode disposed on a substrate and a three-dimensional (3D) carbon-based structure configured to guide a migration of electrically charged electrophoretic ink particles dispersed therein that are configured to be responsive to application of a voltage to the first electrode. The 3D carbon-based structure includes a plurality of 3D aggregates defined by a morphology of graphene nanoplatelets orthogonally fused together and cross-linked by a polymer; and, a plurality of channels interspersed throughout the 3D carbon-based structure defined by the morphology. The plurality of channels includes a plurality of inter-particle pathways and a plurality of intra-particle pathways. Each inter-particle pathway can include a smaller dimension than each inter-particle pathway. A second electrode is disposed on the 3D carbon-based structure. Each 3D aggregate can include any one or more of graphene, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanoplatelets, or carbon nanotubes.

A method is provided for operating a gas concentration monitoring system as well as a gas-measuring device, a central unit, a gas concentration monitoring system as well as computer program product. The safety of persons or the safety of a situation is determined with respect to at least one hazardous gas. The concentration of the gas is provided to a memory and analysis device. A measured value rating number is determined for a preset period of use. A number of instances, of the measured concentration values exceeding of a preset gas concentration limit value is input. A safety code is determined from at least one of: the measured concentration values, the measured value rating numbers and from the a total number of instances in which a gas concentration limit value was exceeded.

A method for analyzing a gas, where a sensitive metal oxide-containing layer is exposed to the gas, includes: reducing the temperature of the sensitive layer from a first temperature to a second temperature, the temperature of the sensitive layer being maintained essentially at the second temperature for a predetermined time period; increasing the temperature of the sensitive layer to a third temperature; measuring at least one electrical resistance value of the sensitive layer while the sensitive layer exhibits essentially the third temperature; and analyzing components of the gas based on the measured at least one electrical resistance value.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulphide sampling and detection system and method for determination of the content of gaseous CO2 and/or H2S in a liquid, among other chemical compounds. In one embodiment, the detection system includes a membrane block having a liquid sample inlet port and a sample outlet port between which a sample flow path extends. The membrane block includes a first membrane unit and a second membrane unit. The first membrane unit includes a sample flow on the first side of a first permeable membrane element, and a carrier gas flow on the second side of the first permeable membrane element. The second membrane unit having a sample flow on the first side of a second permeable membrane element and a carrier gas flow on the second side of the second permeable membrane element.

A electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110) and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber with the associated volume (106) and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, and wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are arranged so that a distance from any point in at least one cross-sectional plane to the nearest point of a wall of said opening is 25 micrometer or less.

A gas sensor for sensing a gas in a humid environment includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer that is spaced apart from the first electrode layer, and a gas sensing layer that electrically interconnects the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The gas sensing layer is made of a hygroscopic electrically insulating material.

Disclosed is a composition for a hydrogen sulfide gas sensor containing copper, lithium and NiWO.sub.4, wherein the NiWO.sub.4 is co-doped with the copper and the lithium. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a composition for a hydrogen sulfide gas sensor, the method including steps of: (1) mixing NiO, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, CuO and WO.sub.3 powders together at a molar ratio of 0.720 to 0.725:1.0 to 1.05:0.0120 to 0.0125:0.25 to 0.255, followed by calcination, thus preparing a powder mixture; (2) applying pressure to the powder mixture by a cold isostatic pressing process, thus preparing a green body; and (3) subjecting the green body to normal-pressure sintering.

A real time additive processing system for crude oil or refined fuel products is coupled to a fuel transport line that transfers fuel from one storage tank to another storage tank. The fuel additive processing system includes a fuel additive storage tank coupled to a liquid conduit having a liquid pump with a speed/stroke controller that regulates the liquid pump. The liquid conduit is coupled to the fuel transport line at a fuel additive injection nozzle. The fuel additive processing system also includes a flow rate transmitter and a chemical or physical property analyzer coupled to the fuel transport line downstream of the additive injection nozzle. The fuel additive processing system includes a flow controller that communicates with the liquid pump speed/stroke controller, flow rate transmitter and chemical or physical property analyzer. A remote system allows selective control of the flow controller.

A sensing material for detecting hydrogen sulfide capable of detecting hydrogen sulfide even having a low concentration, a hydrogen sulfide-sensitive layer containing the sensing material for detecting hydrogen sulfide, and a metal oxide semiconductor-type gas sensor having the hydrogen sulfide-sensitive layer are provided. The sensing material for detecting hydrogen sulfide includes CuFe.sub.2O.sub.4-type complex oxide (W). The CuFe.sub.2O.sub.4-type complex oxide (W) contains, as a main component (W1), 35.0 to 49.5 mol % of iron oxide in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and 50.5 to 65 mol % of copper oxide in terms of CuO, and an average particle diameter of particles is 3 μm or less.

A system for monitoring a petrochemical installation is disclosed. The system can include an optical imaging system comprising an array of optical detectors. The system can comprise processing electronics configured to process image data detected by the optical imaging system. The processing electronics can be configured to detect a target species based at least in part on the processed image data. The processing electronics can further be configured to, based on a detected amount of the target species, transmit an alarm notification to an external computing device over a communications network indicating that the target species has been detected at the petrochemical installation.