An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising: a body, formed in a surface of the body, an array of sensor wells capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells, the sensor wells each containing an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and formed in the surface of the body between the sensor wells, flow control wells capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the surface.

An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising: a body, formed in a surface of the body, an array of sensor wells capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells, the sensor wells each containing an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and formed in the surface of the body between the sensor wells, flow control wells capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the surface.

A method of synthesizing an oligonucleotide using a nanofluidic device including a plurality of nanopore channels, a plurality of electrodes, and an electrolyte solution, includes coupling a primer to an inner wall of a nanopore channel of the plurality of nanopore channels, the primer having a protecting group. The method also includes applying a voltage to an electrode of the plurality of electrodes that corresponds to the nanopore channel to produce an acid from the electrolyte solution at the electrode. The electrode includes an anode and a cathode disposed at opposite sides of the nanopore channel. The method further includes the acid removing the protecting group from the primer. Moreover, the method includes coupling a nucleotide to the primer with the protecting group removed to form an intermediate product. In addition, the method includes repeating the steps on the intermediate product until the oligonucleotide is synthesized.

An apparatus is provided for sensing a molecule in a sample. The apparatus utilizes an electric field to draw molecules from a first chamber through an aperture, defined by a chemical layer, into a second chamber. The apparatus can detect a DNA molecule with, for example, 4, 5, or 6 unique base pairs. As molecules pass through the aperture, a sensor detects or measures a change in an electric parameter used to generate the electric field, thereafter translating the change in the electric parameter into information about the molecule. A divider element separates the first and second chambers and supports a chemical layer defining the aperture. The apparatus enables detection or measurement of molecules over prolonged time at a higher electric field strength than other nanopores, due to a combination of the shape of the divider, structural elements thereon, and thickness of the chemical layer at the aperture.

A method for manufacturing a component and a component are provided for sensing a molecule. The method includes controlling a temperature during a reaction of two gases that react to produce a crystalline film spanning at least a cross-sectional area of a nanoaperture defined by a substrate among an array of nanoapertures aligned with crater structures defined by the substrate. A unique chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method that introduces a first gas and a second gas allows for formation of the crystalline film. When used in a molecule sensor, the component enables a user to record double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) translocations at unprecedented high (e.g., 1 MHz) bandwidths. The method for manufacturing the component enables development of applications requiring single-layer membranes built at- scale and enables high throughput 2-dimensional (2D) nanofluidics and nanopore studies.

The present invention provides a method of detecting one or more analytes in a target sample, the method comprising: a. providing a nanoparticle dimer adapted to bind the analyte; b. causing the dimer to pass through a nanopore by voltage-driven translocation; c. observing changes in the translocation current; and d. comparing the translocation current profile of the target sample to the translocation current profile of a control sample; wherein a change in the translocation current profile of the target sample versus the control sample indicates the presence of the analyte in the target sample. Also provided is a method of detecting one or more analytes in a target sample, the method comprising: a. providing a nanoparticle adapted to bind the analyte; b. providing a carrier nucleic acid molecule with at least one single-stranded region; c. contacting the carrier nucleic acid molecule and nanoparticle with the target sample, forming a carrier nucleic acid/analyte/nanoparticle complex; b. causing the carrier nucleic acid/analyte/nanoparticle complex to pass through a biological nanopore by voltage-driven translocation; c. observing changes in the translocation current; and d. comparing the translocation current profile of the target sample to the translocation current profile of a control sample; wherein a change in the translocation current profile of the target sample versus the control sample indicates the presence of the analyte in the target sample.

The present invention provides a method for sequencing a protein/polypeptide based on Aerolysin nanopores to achieve specific discrimination of natural amino acids and post-translational modifications thereof and accurate acquisition of a sequence of a single-molecule protein, the method including the following steps: (1) unfolding of the protein; (2) terminus labeling of protein sequencing; (3) protein charge screening; (4) unfolding of a tertiary structure of the polypeptides; (5) orthogonal identification of amino acids; (6) confined perturbation-assisted identification of amino acids; and (7) single-molecule protein sequencing. The present invention aims at sensitive detection of sequence information about 20 amino acids and establishes an innovative method for accurately determining sequences of the amino acids and post-translational modifications of a single protein molecule.

A biomolecule is more easily and reliably reciprocated in a nanopore. An adapter molecule that directly or indirectly binds to a biomolecule to be analyzed comprises a three-dimensional structure formation domain consisting of a single-stranded nucleotide.

The present invention provides a nanopore single-molecule protein sequencer, which mainly includes a nanopore array chip system, an ultra-low current detection system and a data processing and construction system; the chip mainly includes a chip of peptide charge screening, a chip of amino acid sequence reading based on a series of specific nanopores and the like, the design principle of which is as follows: a series of biological nanopores with amino acid targeted identification are designed according to properties such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, polarity, and chargeability of amino acids, and characteristic ion flow signals of amino acids forming a protein to be detected in nanopore are obtained one by one; characteristic information of a protein sequence in each of the nanopores is acquired by an arrayed ultra-low current measurement system; a standard model peptide sequence information base is used for identifying, correcting, integrating and reading amino acid sequences.

A portable detector is disclosed for detecting certain analytes of interest, such as genetic material (e.g., nucleic acids). The detector includes a reading component for the detection of the analytes, and control circuitry for controlling operation of the reading component. Processing circuitry may be included to perform both primary analysis of acquired data, and where desired, secondary analysis. Where desired, some or all of the computationally intensive tasks may be off-loaded to enhance the portability and speed of the device. The device may incorporate various types of interface, technologies for reading and analysis, positioning system interfaces, and so forth. A number of exemplary use cases and methods are also disclosed.