Biomarkers of high blood pressure are measured to identify high blood pressure of the subject based on one or more biomarkers. In many embodiments, the response of the biomarker to blood pressure occurs over the course of at least an hour, such that the high blood pressure identification is based on a cumulative effect of physiology of the subject over a period of time. The methods and apparatus of identifying high blood pressure with biomarkers have the advantage of providing improved treatment of the subject, as the identified biomarker can be related to an effect of the high blood pressure on the subject, such as a biomarker corresponding to central blood pressure. The sample can be subjected to increases in one or more of pressure or temperatures, and changes in the blood sample measured over time.

Devices, systems, and methods for use in managing treatment of a chronic disorder with pharmaceutical or therapeutic compounds by tracking symptoms associated with the disorder. Methods include inputting patient attributes, factors and various and other data relating to the patient in conjunction with one or more symptoms into a symptom tracking system and outputting a report of the data tracked over time to any of the patient, a medical professional and a drug developer to improve identification of a relapse of the chronic condition and improve management of the treatment regimen for any and all patients.

The ion sensor of the present invention is a current measurement type ion sensor that measures a current to measure a target ion, and includes an organic phase retaining layer containing an organic phase capable of forming an interface with the sample containing the target ion, a first electrode to which the organic phase retaining layer is laminated and containing a first insertion material composed of an inorganic compound, a second electrode arranged so as to face the organic phase holding layer and in contact with the sample.

A CMOS-based chip having one or more sensing modalities that are able independently to detect multiple metabolites present in a biological sample. The multiple sensing modalities may be provided at different locations with respect to the chip, whereby the chip can simultaneously detect a plurality of metabolites by measuring behaviour of a test material in the different locations. The chip may utilise paper as a transport mechanism for the sample. The paper either conveys the sample to the different locations or itself provides discrete testing zones in which different metabolites can be independently detected. With this technique, multiple metabolites may be measured in real time using a small scale point-of-care device.

Physiological parameters that related to the kinetics of red blood cell hemoglobin glycation, red blood cell elimination, and red blood cell generation within the body of a subject can be used, for example, to calculate a more reliable calculated HbA1c (cHbA1c), adjusted HbA1c (aHbA1c), and/or a personalized target glucose range, among other things, for subject-personalized diagnoses, treatments, and/or monitoring protocols. Such physiological parameters may be determined using a model that considers cross-membrane glucose transport and glycation.

The invention provides amperometric analyte sensor systems comprising one or more electrodes designed to monitor in vivo levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (and optionally glucose as well) in order to facilitate the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. The invention further includes compositions, elements and methods useful with such amperometric analyte sensor systems.

The present disclosure relates to a composition capable of diagnosing cancer, specifically pancreatic cancer or the like, a diagnostic kit comprising the same, and a method of providing information for diagnosis using the composition. Also, the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition capable of preventing or treating pancreatic cancer.

The present invention provides markers for judging the efficacy of therapy with a PD-1 signal inhibitor before or at an early stage of the therapy. As biomarkers for predicting or judging the efficacy of therapy with a PD-1 signal inhibitor, surrogate indicators of metabolic changes relating to mitochondrial activity in T cells and/or T cell activation in a subject are used. As such indicators, intestinal flora-related metabolites in the serum or plasma, energy metabolism-related metabolites in the serum or plasma, amino acid metabolism-related metabolites and/or derivatives thereof in the serum of plasma, oxygen consumption rate and/or ATP turnover in peripheral blood CD8.sup.+ cells, amino acids in T cells, and T-bet in peripheral blood CD8.sup.+ cells may be used.

Embodiments are disclosed for a method for restoring a wearable biological sensor. The method includes determining that a wearable biological marker sensor comprising a reference electrode is placed within a restoration apparatus. The restoration apparatus includes a correct reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a chloride solution. The reference electrode is in electrical contact with the correct reference electrode and the counter electrode through the chloride solution. The method additionally includes determining whether the reference electrode is degraded based on a voltage differential between the reference electrode and the correct reference electrode. The method also includes restoring the reference electrode, if the reference electrode is degraded, by applying a voltage to a circuit. The circuit includes the reference electrode and the counter electrode. Further, multiple chloride ions of the chloride solution bond with a plurality of silver atoms of the reference electrode.

Methods of detecting the presence of one copy or 2 copies of a minor allele of one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms selected from the group consisting of SNP A3_117040611, SNP A3_117041908 and SNP A3_117081913 are disclosed. Methods of identifying a feline subject as being at an increased likelihood of developing cat kidney disease are disclosed. Methods of monitoring the health of a feline subject identified as having an increased likelihood of developing CKD are provided. Methods of monitoring the health of a feline subject and response to treatment for renal disease that comprise quantifying at 2PY present are provided. Methods of delaying onset and severity of cat kidney disease in a feline subject identified as having an increased likelihood of developing CKD and methods of treating cats that have CKD are provided.