The present invention provides stabilization of an extracellular vesicle. Specifically, the present invention provides, for example, a method of stabilizing the extracellular vesicle including mixing an extracellular vesicle-containing sample with a saccharide and a chelating agent.

Provided is a method for evaluating the progression of glioma in an individual comprising monitoring the levels of circulating exosomes that are positive for survivin and a glial marker (such as glial fibrillary acidic protein). An increase in the level of such exosomes is indicative of poor prognosis. Levels of circulating exosomes that are positive for survivin and glial marker can also be used for evaluating the efficacy of a therapy for glioma in an individual, and modifying the therapy or introducing additional therapy if levels of such exosomes are found to be increasing.

A method of examining a possibility of a subject having pancreatic cancer, including measuring GPRC5C (G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member C) present in an exosome in a specimen collected from the subject.

A compound can be a pro-fluorophore peroxynitrite sensor that generates a fluorophore when cleaved by peroxynitrite, having a structure of Formula A:

##STR00001## wherein: moiety A is an ER-targeting fluorophore; Y is a linker; and moiety B is a phenol, substituted or unsubstituted, wherein the structure of Formula A is less fluorescent than the ER-targeting fluorophore moiety A.

The present invention relates to the isolation and purification of exosomes from biological samples, and to methods for extracting RNA contained therein. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the isolation of cell type-specific exosomes or cell-subtype-specific exosomes from a biological sample, and to realted applications in the filed of diagnostics.

A method for determining early embryonic mortality (EM) in a female bovine includes determining an extracellular vesicle derived micro-ribonucleic acid expression profile of a serum (serum EV miRNA) obtained at from about 15 to about 30 days of gestation. The serum EV miRNA expression profile is compared to at least one reference serum EV miRNA expression profile to determine a serum EV miRNA expression profile indicative of early EM (EM EV miRNA expression profile). The EM EV miRNA expression profile may consist of an increased amount of at least one of miR-25, miR-16a/b, or miR-3596 compared to the at least one reference serum EV miRNA expression profile. Representative EM EV miRNA expression profiles and kits for determining EM EV miRNA expression profiles are provided.

The present invention relates to a cell membrane-mimicking brush polymer having surface properties mimicking a cell membrane and a self-assembly capability by means of a cell membrane mimicking functional group introduced to a brush terminal, and a method for preparing same.

This invention relates to substrates and methods for the visualization of intracellular organelles, such as the lysosome, peroxiosome, nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus, based upon organelle enzyme activity. Such compounds represent a novel combination of chemically distinct enzyme substrates with targeting and detection substrates which are activated by enzyme activity inside target organelles to produce a detectable signal. The organelle targeted enzyme substrates of this invention are designed to provide high fluorescence at lower pH values found in some organelles and can be used for monitoring enzyme activity inside cells at very low concentrations.

The invention provides seminal computational approaches utilizing data from non-rare cells to detect rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The invention is applicable at two distinct stages of CTC detection; the first being to make decisions about data collection parameters and the second being to make decisions during data reduction and analysis. Additionally, the invention utilizes both one and multi-dimensional parameterized data in a decision making process.

This present disclosure relates to the use of one or more biomarkers to monitor the conditional state of an organ or tissue, including transplanted tissue, or disease state, including diabetes, in a biological sample of a subject. Accordingly, this disclosure provides for: methods and kits for determining the presence of one or more biomarkers for organ or tissue rejection/injury or diabetes in a biological sample of a subject; methods for using the presence of such biomarkers to predict or diagnose organ or tissue rejection/injury or diabetes in a subject; and methods to select or modify a therapeutic regimen for a subject based on the use of such biomarkers.