A process for carrying out an allergy test is based on a blood sample being taken. The blood sample is contacted in vitro with at least one allergen. At least one allergic reaction or the absence of the at least one allergic reaction is observed via a microscope (11) directly and/or optically. To make it possible to carry out an allergy test with a higher validity and/or better accuracy, a position of granules is observed via the microscope (11). The granules are observed in different planes or horizontal planes.

Systems and methods of monitoring treatment of a patient use information gained from exosomes, wherein the treatment target that was identified from a tumor is followed in exosomes in a biological fluid outside the tumor.

This disclosure describes a cell genetically modified to detect ribosome inhibition in the cell and methods involving such a cell. Generally, the genetically-modified cell includes an aminoglycoside-sensitive orthogonal 16S rRNA (O-16S) coding region bearing a mutated anti-Shine-Dalgarno (O-ASD) sequence, a repressor/operator system, and a polynucleotide encoding a detectable reporter under transcriptional control of the repressor/operator system. The repressor/operator system includes a coding region that encodes a transcriptional regulator and having an orthogonal SD (O-SD) sequence complementary to the 16S rRNA O-ASD sequence. The operator sequence, which is repressable by the transcriptional regulator, is operably linked to the polynucleotide encoding a detectable reporter.

An exosome secretion inhibitor containing a substance suppressing expression of NAPG, HINT3 or GXYLT1 gene, or a substance suppressing activity of NAPG, HINT3 or GXYLT1 protein. It is possible to suppress secretion of exosome, thereby making it possible to suppress proliferation or metastasis of cancer cells, so that the substance suppressing expression of the gene or activity of the protein can be used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition suitably used in treatment of cancer or suppression of cancer metastasis, and also the substance can provide a carcinostatic agent having a new action mechanism which specifically suppresses expression of the gene or activity of the protein.

Embodiments of the present disclosure concern systems, methods, and compositions for both in vitro and in vivo models of metastases, such as bone metastases. In specific embodiments, there is a system comprising a source of bone cells, such as osteoblasts, and a source of cancer cells, wherein the bone cells and cancer cells are configured in a chamber or on a chick chorioallantoic membrane such that interaction between the cells is determined. In specific embodiments, the bone cells are comprised in an organoid comprising both mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts (although a naturally derived bone scaffold may be employed), and the cancer cells are comprised in an organoid comprising mesenchymal stem cells and the cancer cells.

The present invention is to provide a method of exosome analysis that can analyze exosome in a sample in a simple manner. The method of exosome analysis of the present invention is a method of analyzing exosome in a sample, including: an addition step of adding a first antibody that specifically binds to a first antigen contained in the exosome and a second antibody that specifically binds to a second antigen contained in the exosome to the sample; a reaction step of causing the first antigen to be reacted with the first antibody and the second antigen to be reacted with the second antibody; and a detection step of detecting a reaction between the first antigen and the first antibody and a reaction between the second antigen and the second antibody.

Described herein are quantitative methods that can be used for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, characterized partially by pathological protein aggregation and/or deposition, comprised of assaying in microwells, droplets, beads or some other support, the ability of a pathological protein in a biological sample to seed the conversion of substrate monomers into aggregated fibrils.

This disclosure relates generally to biomimetic proteoliposomes, a method of making and a method of using the same. In particular, this disclosure provides proteoliposomes comprising one or more phospholipid carrier and one or more protein embedded in the one or more phospholipid carrier, wherein the one or more phospholipid carrier comprises a phospholipid composition with similar proportions of phospholipids as a naturally occurring cell type and a phospholipid concentration of about 1-50 mM; and wherein the one or more protein comprises a protein composition with similar proportions of proteins as the naturally occurring cell type.

Provided herein are compositions comprising positively supercharged proteins (+scProteins), membrane-bound vesicles (EV, VLP, and/or LVV membranes), and cargo, and methods of use thereof to deliver the cargo to the intracellular space of target cells. Also provided are reporter constructs that can be used to detect genome editing events, and methods of use thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods, platform, antibodies, vaccines, constructs, and kits for generating a modified multispanning membrane polypeptide. In some instances, also disclosed herein are methods, platform, antibodies, vaccines, constructs, and kits for generating a modified ion channel polypeptide. In some cases, further disclosed herein are methods, platform, antibodies, vaccines, constructs, and kits for generating a modified GPCR.