The present invention is directed to methods for improving assay specificity and performance in binding assays.

Herein is reported a method for determining the concentration of a therapeutic antibody in a tissue of an experimental animal to whom the therapeutic antibody had been administered, wherein the interference from residual blood in a tissue sample of the experimental animal, which is used for determining the concentration of the therapeutic antibody in said tissue, is reduced, wherein the concentration of the therapeutic antibody in the tissue of the experimental animal is calculated with the following formula:

[00001]$C_{\mathrm{tmAb},\mathrm{tissue}}=\frac{C_{tmAb,\mathrm{tissue},\det .}}{C_{tis\mathrm{sue},\mathrm{sample}}}-\frac{\frac{C_{refmAb,\mathrm{tissue},\det .}}{C_{tis\mathrm{sue},\mathrm{sample}}}}{C_{refmAb,\mathrm{plasma}.\det .}}*C_{tmAb,\mathrm{plasma},\det }.$

wherein C.sub.tmAb,tissue,det.=obtained by determining the concentration of the therapeutic antibody in the tissue sample of the experimental animal, C.sub.tmAb,plasma,det.=obtained by determining the concentration of the therapeutic antibody in a blood sample of the experimental animal directly prior to taking the tissue sample, C.sub.refmAb,tissue,det.=obtained by determining the concentration of the inert reference antibody in the tissue sample of the experimental animal, C.sub.refmAb,plasma,det.=obtained by determining the concentration of an inert reference antibody in

The present application relates to detection units and methods for detecting one or more target analytes in a sample using a complex formed by a target and first and second probes, wherein the complex comprises an elongated region, a particle that is coupled to the first probe, and a solid support that is coupled to the second probe. Specific binding of a target analyte can be distinguished from non-specific binding of the particle by measuring the displacement of the particle.

There are provided methods and systems for detecting and/or quantifying an analyte. In particular, there are provided methods and systems for simultaneous detection and/or quantitation of two or more analytes in a sample. In some embodiments, there are provided colocalization-by-linkage assays on microparticles (CLAMP) comprising two sets of binders pre-assembled on a support, such that the two sets of binders are colocalized before contacting the sample.

A system for detecting analytes in a test sample, and a method for processing the same, is provided. The system includes a cartridge reader unit that has a control unit and a pneumatic system, and a cartridge assembly that prepares the samples with mixing material(s) through communication channels. The assembly has a memory chip with parameters for preparing the sample and at least one sensor. The assembly, pneumatic system, and control unit operate together to prepare the sample and provide the prepared sample to the sensor for detecting analytes, and also process measurements from the sensor to generate test results.

The present disclosure provides methods of identifying and quantifying the peptides displayed by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Such methods may comprise the ability to determine the type, identity, and quantity of each peptide displayed by the MHC. In some embodiments, these methods may be used to develop an anti-cancer therapy or type the HLA of a patient. Also provided herein are compositions comprising peptides from the MHC which have been prepared for sequencing.

Devices that may couple two or more apparatuses, such as an organ-on-a-chip device and a microfluidic device. Devices that include an organ-on-a-chip device, a microfluidic device, and a cap that couples the organ-on-a-chip device and the microfluidic device. Systems that include the devices and a detection unit. Methods for quantitation of insulin.

The invention provides an oriented and covalent method for immobilizing a glycoprotein and an antibody on a chip. The method includes providing a silver-coated solid surface equipped with alkynes and cuprous oxide nanoparticles. The azido boronic acid tosyl probe is conjugated to the silver-coated solid surface by the cuprous oxide nanoparticles through the self-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The glycan(s) of a glycoprotein or an antibody is provided to the boronic acid tosyl probe, and alcohol groups of the glycan(s) of the glycoprotein or the antibody and the boronic acid group of boronic acid tosyl probe form boronate ester. The nucleophilic residues on the glycoprotein or the antibody replace the tosyl group by SN2 reaction, so as to immobilize the glycoprotein or the antibody through the covalent bond formation.

A kit-of-parts for attaching an object on a substrate (1, 1′) having (i) at least a first solution having at least one first compound, wherein the first compound is at least one of a gelling agent, a gellable agent, and a thickening agent, and (ii) at least a first substrate (1, 1′) having a surface (2, 2′). The first solution is suitable for forming at least a first dispersion of an object in the first solution when a the object is added to the first solution. The first dispersion is suitable for attaching the object on a functionalized surface (3, 3′) of the substrate (1, 1′) when the first dispersion is added to the functionalized surface (3, 3′) of the substrate (1, 1′).

Arrays comprising probes comprising probes from more than one influenza strain or subtype are provided. Methods of using the arrays, as well as kits and systems comprising the arrays are also provided.