The invention provides for methods and systems involving the measurement of values of one or several characterizing parameters representative of the kinetics of an assay chemical reaction, including providing a calibration tool (26) comprising a reaction chamber (28); for a given set of defining features, performing a series of calibration experiments under different sets of calibration values of at least one operating parameter, providing a digital calibration model representative of the kinetics of the assay chemical reaction in the calibration tool, where the assay digital calibration model comprises one or several characterizing parameters, the values of which have a dependency on the given set of defining features used for the calibration experiments; fitting, by computation, the values of the characterizing parameters for the given set of defining features, based on the series of calibration experiment results, wherein the reaction chamber (28) is a stirred-tank reactor.

Hybrid nanopores, comprising a protein pore supported within a solid-state membrane, which combine the robust nature of solid-state membranes with the easily tunable and precise engineering of protein nanopores. In an embodiment, a lipid-free hybrid nanopore comprises a water soluble and stable, modified portal protein of the Thermus thermophilus bacteriophage G20c, electrokinetically inserted into a larger nanopore in a solid-state membrane. The hybrid pore is stable and easy to fabricate, and exhibits low peripheral leakage, allowing sensing and discrimination among different types of biomolecules.

A membrane carrier for a liquid sample test kit that detects a substance to be detected in a liquid sample, the membrane carrier including at least one integrally-molded flow path capable of transporting the liquid sample, in which a microstructure that causes a capillary action for transporting the liquid sample is provided on a bottom surface of the flow path, and the microstructure has two or more peak positions at which a height becomes maximum per one repeating unit structure.

In one cross-section, a protrusion (8) has a first region (RG1) and a second region (RG2). In the one cross-section, the first region (RG1) of the protrusion (8) has a height H1 in a height direction (y direction) of the protrusion (8) and has a circumferential length L1 along an outer edge of the protrusion (8). In the one cross-section, the second region (RG2) of the protrusion (8) has a height H2 in the height direction (y direction) of the protrusion (8) and has a circumferential length L2 along the outer edge of the protrusion (8). In the membrane carrier, 1.30≤(L1/H1+L2/H2)/2 is satisfied.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for spatial analysis of macromolecules (e.g., proteins, polypeptides, or peptides). In some embodiments, the methods are for analyzing a macromolecule or a plurality of macromolecules, (e.g., peptides, polypeptides, and proteins) including determining spatial information and sequencing the macromolecule. In some embodiments, the analysis employs barcoding and nucleic acid encoding of molecular recognition events, and/or detectable labels. Also provided are compositions, e.g., kits, containing components for performing the provided methods for analysis of the macromolecule.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

A modular microfluidic device for simulating in vivo conditions of a biological system may include a first perfusion chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a second perfusion chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a well configured to hold one or more 3D structures of cultured biological cells. The well may be in fluid communication with the first and second perfusion chambers. A first porous membrane may be disposed between the first perfusion chamber and the well. A second porous membrane may be disposed between the second perfusion chamber and the well. The well may be configured to facilitate growth of cultured biological cells along all three dimensional axes, thereby providing or ensuring a more representative 3D structure of biological cells compared to conventional monolayer cultures.

In one embodiment, the present invention includes a system for detecting a target analyte which includes a microfluidic device having least one microfluidic channel with a binding surface positioned in the microfluidic channel with further include a first electrode and a second electrode. The system may further include a detector and a voltage supply. Also included is a method to detect a target analyte using a described microfluidics device, introducing solution with a target analyte to a binding surface, and binding the target analyte to the binding surface by applying an electrical potential between the first and second electrodes during at least a portion of the binding step, which enhances the rate of binding of the target analyte molecules to the binding molecules. The method then includes the steps of detecting a reporter molecule which corresponds to the amount of the bound target analyte molecules, which correlates with the amount of target analyte in the original sample. The method may also include multiple applications of sample to the binding surface prior to the detection step.