Disclosed are a biochip capable of detecting and analyzing multivalent bindings between target protein and binding mediator from monovalent bindings and a method for manufacturing the same. A biochip according to an embodiment comprises: a hydrogel functional layer on which a binding mediator is formed and of which physical properties are changed by a reaction between target protein to be introduced and the binding mediator; and a transducer configured to deliver a displacement signal corresponding to a change in the physical properties of the hydrogel functional layer to an analysis instrument, wherein the reaction is multivalent bindings between the target protein and the binding mediator, and de-swelling occurs in at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer by the multivalent bindings.

Disclosed are a biochip capable of detecting and analyzing multivalent bindings between target protein and binding mediator from monovalent bindings and a method for manufacturing the same. A biochip according to an embodiment comprises: a hydrogel functional layer on which a binding mediator is formed and of which physical properties are changed by a reaction between target protein to be introduced and the binding mediator; and a transducer configured to deliver a displacement signal corresponding to a change in the physical properties of the hydrogel functional layer to an analysis instrument, wherein the reaction is multivalent bindings between the target protein and the binding mediator, and de-swelling occurs in at least a portion of the hydrogel functional layer by the multivalent bindings.

A method and apparatus for collecting signals and a method and apparatus for tracking cells by using light sensitive chip, relate to the technical field of signal collection, wherein the method for collecting signals by using light sensitive chip comprises closely fitting a luminous surface of a membrane carrying optical signals to be collected on a light sensitive chip (101), placing the light sensitive chip fitted with the membrane carrying optical signals to be collected in a dark room (102), collecting optical signals (103) by the light sensitive chip in the dark room, and processing and outputting the collected optical signals (104). The method and apparatus for collecting signals by using the light sensitive chip can collect signals by contacting the light sensitive chip to convert optical signals into digital signals so as to complete quantitative analysis.

A method and apparatus for collecting signals and a method and apparatus for tracking cells by using light sensitive chip, relate to the technical field of signal collection, wherein the method for collecting signals by using light sensitive chip comprises closely fitting a luminous surface of a membrane carrying optical signals to be collected on a light sensitive chip (101), placing the light sensitive chip fitted with the membrane carrying optical signals to be collected in a dark room (102), collecting optical signals (103) by the light sensitive chip in the dark room, and processing and outputting the collected optical signals (104). The method and apparatus for collecting signals by using the light sensitive chip can collect signals by contacting the light sensitive chip to convert optical signals into digital signals so as to complete quantitative analysis.

An analyte indicator may include a porous base and may be included in an analyte sensor. The analyte indicator may retain its physical, chemical, and optical properties in the presence of compression. The porous base may not vary in opacity. The analyte indicator may include (i) a polymer unit attached or polymerized onto or out of the porous base and (ii) an analyte sensing element attached to the polymer unit or copolymerized with the polymer unit. The analyte sensing element may include one or more indicator molecule. The analyte sensing element may include one or more indicator polymer chains. The analyte indicator may include (i) an indicator polymer chain attached or polymerized onto or out of the porous base and (ii) indicator molecules attached to the indicator polymer chain.

An analyte indicator may include a porous base and may be included in an analyte sensor. The analyte indicator may retain its physical, chemical, and optical properties in the presence of compression. The porous base may not vary in opacity. The analyte indicator may include (i) a polymer unit attached or polymerized onto or out of the porous base and (ii) an analyte sensing element attached to the polymer unit or copolymerized with the polymer unit. The analyte sensing element may include one or more indicator molecule. The analyte sensing element may include one or more indicator polymer chains. The analyte indicator may include (i) an indicator polymer chain attached or polymerized onto or out of the porous base and (ii) indicator molecules attached to the indicator polymer chain.

An article that can be used for biomaterial capture comprises (a) a porous substrate; and (b) borne on the porous substrate, a polymer comprising interpolymerized units of at least one monomer consisting of (1) at least one monovalent ethylenically unsaturated group, (2) at least one monovalent ligand functional group selected from acidic groups, basic groups other than guanidino, and salts thereof, and (3) a multivalent spacer group that is directly bonded to the monovalent groups so as to link at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one ligand functional group by a chain of at least six catenated atoms.

An article that can be used for biomaterial capture comprises (a) a porous substrate; and (b) borne on the porous substrate, a polymer comprising interpolymerized units of at least one monomer consisting of (1) at least one monovalent ethylenically unsaturated group, (2) at least one monovalent ligand functional group selected from acidic groups, basic groups other than guanidino, and salts thereof, and (3) a multivalent spacer group that is directly bonded to the monovalent groups so as to link at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one ligand functional group by a chain of at least six catenated atoms.

Methods are provided for detecting antigen binding agents in samples. Aspects of the methods include detection of the aggregation of antigen binding agents with polynucleotide-bound antigens by sensitive proximity-based association of the antigen-bound polynucleotides. Aspects of the methods also include methods for the detection of such proximity-based association through nucleic acid amplification. In addition, compositions, e.g., reagents, kits, and devices, useful in practicing various embodiments of the methods are provided.

A method for activating and expanding isolated T cells, the method including adding to isolated T cells ligands presenting microbubbles having a flexible lipid shell with an inner bubble wall enclosing a gas and an outer bubble wall conjugated to ligands capable of achieving cell contact dependent juxtacrine signaling on the isolated T cells; and adding to isolated T cells ligands presenting microbubbles having a flexible lipid shell with an inner bubble wall enclosing a gas and an outer bubble wall conjugated to an antigen capable of forming an immunological synapse (IS) with the T cells.