Systems and methods for use with a biological sample include a microscopy device, a diluent, a sample holder, and one or more of lyophilized cakes comprising artificial particles. The lyophilized cakes and the biological sample are mixed with the diluent in the sample holder to form a solution. The biological sample is imaged with the artificial particles as reference markers using the microscopy device. A settling time of the artificial particles is shorter than or equal to a settling time of the biological sample.

One or more aqueous, near infrared emitting, high yield, highly photoluminescent, stable quantum dots conjugated to one or more biomarkers specific moieties. The conjugated quantum dots have an enhanced detection sensitivity and selectivity and may be formed using a novel and efficient method for conjugating one or more biomarker specific moieties to the quantum dots. The invention is further directed to a method for using the conjugated quantum dots for cancer detection in the margin of excised tissue.

One or more aqueous, near infrared emitting, high yield, highly photoluminescent, stable quantum dots conjugated to one or more biomarkers specific moieties. The conjugated quantum dots have an enhanced detection sensitivity and selectivity and may be formed using a novel and efficient method for conjugating one or more biomarker specific moieties to the quantum dots. The invention is further directed to a method for using the conjugated quantum dots for cancer detection in the margin of excised tissue.

Provided is a biosensor with an auxiliary electrode that can increase the photocurrent signal of the biosensor due to the presence of analytes of interest.

Provided is a biosensor with an auxiliary electrode that can increase the photocurrent signal of the biosensor due to the presence of analytes of interest.

The present disclosure relates to direct immobilization of antibodies by physisorption onto plain and nanostructured metal-containing films. An exemplary method for preparing a sensor includes contacting an antibody with a surface of a film comprising an ionic compound and a metal selected from gold, silver, platinum, copper, and any combination thereof, and then contacting a blocking agent with the surface of the film to form the sensor.

Provided herein are graphene biosensors and related core particles, compositions methods and systems in which more than one pristine graphene sheet is coated with a coating layer of an organic or inorganic material to provide a core graphene particle, to which detectable components comprising a detectable moiety and a peptide linkage are attached through binding of the peptide linkage.

Provided herein are graphene biosensors and related core particles, compositions methods and systems in which more than one pristine graphene sheet is coated with a coating layer of an organic or inorganic material to provide a core graphene particle, to which detectable components comprising a detectable moiety and a peptide linkage are attached through binding of the peptide linkage.

Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for efficiently eluting analytes (e.g., from one or more beads), allowing rapid and continuous analysis. Specifically disclosed is an apparatus with bead handling functions (e.g., bead handling devices such as bead picking units and/or vacuum pumps), one or more chambers and associated inlets, outlets, and/or fittings, pump units, devices (e.g., a rotating wheel) to move the one or more chambers to enable sample and/or analyte transfer and/or handling, one or more waste collection units, and one or more connections and/or connectors to analysis apparatuses and/or systems (e.g., mass spectrometers). A method disclosed herein employs repeatable cycles for: picking bead sets, relocating beads into chambers, inducing analyte migration into one or more elution solvents, and removing eluted beads to waste units. Each cycle can be repeated for various bead sets simultaneously, with solvent pumping and fluid flow aiding in analyte migration and bead removal.

Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for efficiently eluting analytes (e.g., from one or more beads), allowing rapid and continuous analysis. Specifically disclosed is an apparatus with bead handling functions (e.g., bead handling devices such as bead picking units and/or vacuum pumps), one or more chambers and associated inlets, outlets, and/or fittings, pump units, devices (e.g., a rotating wheel) to move the one or more chambers to enable sample and/or analyte transfer and/or handling, one or more waste collection units, and one or more connections and/or connectors to analysis apparatuses and/or systems (e.g., mass spectrometers). A method disclosed herein employs repeatable cycles for: picking bead sets, relocating beads into chambers, inducing analyte migration into one or more elution solvents, and removing eluted beads to waste units. Each cycle can be repeated for various bead sets simultaneously, with solvent pumping and fluid flow aiding in analyte migration and bead removal.