Provided are molecule immobilization patterns and a method for forming the same, thereby reducing noise that may occur while analyzing a signal, being stable even at room temperature, and improving orientation of immobilized materials.

This disclosure describes, in one aspect, a composition that includes a -glucan component and an antibody component that specifically binds to the -glucan. In another aspect, this disclosure describes a method of increasing a subject's response to -glucan immunotherapy. Generally, the method includes identifying the subject as a low binder of -glucan and administering to the subject a composition that comprises a -glucan moiety conjugated to the therapeutic antibody. In some cases, the therapeutic antibody can be an anti-tumor antibody.

This disclosure describes, in one aspect, a composition that includes a -glucan component and an antibody component that specifically binds to the -glucan. In another aspect, this disclosure describes a method of increasing a subject's response to -glucan immunotherapy. Generally, the method includes identifying the subject as a low binder of -glucan and administering to the subject a composition that comprises a -glucan moiety conjugated to the therapeutic antibody. In some cases, the therapeutic antibody can be an anti-tumor antibody.

A system includes a bacteria culture array that includes a plurality of chambers each configured to receive a portion of a sample that includes bacteria. Each individual chamber of the plurality of chambers includes a chamber opening configured to permit access of the portion of the sample to the individual chamber. The system also includes one or more sensors configured to collect data from the individual chamber. The sensors are configured to contact the sample. Additionally, the system includes a monitoring and analysis system that includes a processor configured to receive the data from the one or more sensors at a first time and a second time, compare the data received at the second time to the data received at the first time, and identify a portion of the plurality of chambers of the bacteria culture array based on the comparing.

A mammalian cell co-transfect with an expression plasmid comprising T7 promoter and an open reading frame (ORF) of target antigen, and a vT7 recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 polymerase. The entire antigen expressing cell is used as a carrier of the target antigen for preparing a vaccine or diagnostic agent, and screening monoclonal antibodies.

Provided herein are methods of classifying antigens and epitopes as being recognized by an individual's cellular immune response. More particularly, provided herein are methods for unbiased determination of which antigens are recognized by a population of T cells.

Provided herein are methods of classifying antigens and epitopes as being recognized by an individual's cellular immune response. More particularly, provided herein are methods for unbiased determination of which antigens are recognized by a population of T cells.

The present invention relates to a virus-microbead complex including a microbead and a virus layer, in which linear viruses are bound individually to the surface of the microbead, and an immunoassay kit including the same. The virus-microbead complex of the present invention is characterized in that the linear viruses are bound to the surface of the microbead so that the orientations of the linear viruses are regulated using the interaction of streptavidin-biotin introduced thereon, thereby providing a significantly increased volume to surface area ratio, increasing the number of antibodies or ligands capable of binding thereto, and as a result, mediating the binding of antibodies or ligands to a unit bead with high density, which eventually leads to an increased sensitivity in immunoassays, and an application into a suspension array. Additionally, it was confirmed that cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in serum can be detected up to 20 pg/mL by introducing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) containing PEG to remove a non-specific adsorption.

The present invention relates to a virus-microbead complex including a microbead and a virus layer, in which linear viruses are bound individually to the surface of the microbead, and an immunoassay kit including the same. The virus-microbead complex of the present invention is characterized in that the linear viruses are bound to the surface of the microbead so that the orientations of the linear viruses are regulated using the interaction of streptavidin-biotin introduced thereon, thereby providing a significantly increased volume to surface area ratio, increasing the number of antibodies or ligands capable of binding thereto, and as a result, mediating the binding of antibodies or ligands to a unit bead with high density, which eventually leads to an increased sensitivity in immunoassays, and an application into a suspension array. Additionally, it was confirmed that cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in serum can be detected up to 20 pg/mL by introducing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) containing PEG to remove a non-specific adsorption.

The present invention relates to an improved process of conjugation to obtain synthetic oligosaccharide-protein (OS-PR) conjugates. The process of synthetic OS-PR conjugation is a rapid process providing oligosaccharide-protein conjugates which are highly immunogenic and elicit specific and homogenous immune responses. The synthetic oligosaccharide comprising of four to eight repeating units of respective monomers and at least one in-built terminal amino linker, said synthetic polysaccharide mimics natural polysaccharide obtained from gram negative bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, W, X and Haemophilus influenzae and carrier protein is obtained from gram positive bacteria such as Clostridium tetani (tetanus toxoid) or Corynebacterium diphtheriae (CRM197) or their recombinant versions. The conjugation chemistry of the said oligosaccharide-protein conjugate of the present invention is thio-ether linkage. The present invention takes complete process time in the range of 14-22 hours. The said oligosaccharide-protein conjugates are useful in production of monovalent vaccine or multivalent combination vaccines and as diagnostic tool.