Described are methods, compositions, and devices for early detection and prevention of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases, using broad-spectrum enrichment technology and single cell sequencing technology. An example method for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PNPs) and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is also provided.

The present invention provides a method and a system for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. In particular, the present invention provides a system, such as a diagnostic kit, for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample, comprising (a) a recombinant bacterium or spore expressing one or more recombinant proteins on the surface thereof, wherein the recombinant protein specifically binds to the analyte directly or through a binding agent that specifically binds to the recombinant protein and the analyte, and (b) a signal-producing substance that can be detected.

This disclosure describes, in one aspect, a method for identifying β-glucan binding to immune cells of a subject. Generally, the method includes obtaining a blood sample from the subject, the blood sample comprising immune cells, adding soluble β-glucan to at least a portion of the blood sample and incubating the mixture under conditions allowing the soluble β-glucan to bind to the immune cells, and detecting soluble β-glucan hound to the immune cells. In another aspect, this disclosure describes a method that generally includes identifying the subject as a low binder of β-glucan, and co-administering to the subject a soluble β-glucan and an antibody preparation capable of converting the subject from a low binder to a high binder.

This disclosure describes, in one aspect, a method for identifying β-glucan binding to immune cells of a subject. Generally, the method includes obtaining a blood sample from the subject, the blood sample comprising immune cells, adding soluble β-glucan to at least a portion of the blood sample and incubating the mixture under conditions allowing the soluble β-glucan to bind to the immune cells, and detecting soluble β-glucan hound to the immune cells. In another aspect, this disclosure describes a method that generally includes identifying the subject as a low binder of β-glucan, and co-administering to the subject a soluble β-glucan and an antibody preparation capable of converting the subject from a low binder to a high binder.

The present invention pertains to extracellular vesicle (EV) therapeutics, wherein the EVs are coated with proteins containing Fc domains (such as antibodies) for i.a. targeting and therapeutic applications. The coating of EVs is achieved through inventive protein engineering of EV polypeptides. The present invention thus relates to methods for coating of EVs, EVs per se, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and medical applications of such EVs coated with Fc containing proteins.

The present invention provides a method and a system for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. In particular, the present invention provides a system, such as a diagnostic kit, for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample, comprising (a) a recombinant bacterium or spore expressing one or more recombinant proteins on the surface thereof, wherein the recombinant protein specifically binds to the analyte directly or through a binding agent that specifically binds to the recombinant protein and the analyte, and (b) a signal-producing substance that can be detected.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods for increasing the region of interest of spatial multi-omics techniques while retaining single-cell resolution. These methods can improve the scaling of region of interest dimension with input/output channels from linear to super-linear. In some embodiments, the method is performed by providing a plurality of probes of a first type to a first region of a sample, wherein at least a subset of the probes of the first type includes a first spatial barcode, providing a plurality of probes of a second type to a second region of the sample, wherein at least a subset of the probes of the second type includes a second spatial barcode, and providing a probe of a third type to a third region of the sample, wherein the probe of the third type comprises a third spatial barcode.

Modular biohybrid systems, some of which suitable for photochemical biosynthesis, are described. These systems are characterized by functionalized photocatalytic nanoparticles that are independently prepared, then assembled and attached to the modified surface of a cell, thereby enabling the cell to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy, for example in the form of a redox cofactor. The generated chemical energy then serves as fuel for production pathways of metabolites useful for the manufacturing of fuels, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Modular biohybrid systems, some of which suitable for photochemical biosynthesis, are described. These systems are characterized by functionalized photocatalytic nanoparticles that are independently prepared, then assembled and attached to the modified surface of a cell, thereby enabling the cell to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy, for example in the form of a redox cofactor. The generated chemical energy then serves as fuel for production pathways of metabolites useful for the manufacturing of fuels, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Disclosed herein are expression vectors which display a passenger polypeptide on the outer surface of a biological entity. As disclosed herein the displayed passenger polypeptide is capable of interacting or binding with a given ligand. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the expression vectors. N/C terminal fusion expression vectors and methods of making and using are also disclosed.