Provided herein are Purine Compounds of Formula (I)

##STR00001##

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, isotopologues, or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Purine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing malaria comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Purine Compound.

Provided herein are Aminopurine compounds of Formula I:

##STR00001## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, isotopologues, or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of an Aminopurine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing animal and human protozoal infections.

Lateral flow immunoassay devices and associated reagents for determining the presence of one or more analytes in liquid samples. A detection zone on a membrane that supports lateral flow includes an immobilized and dried capture reagent including a first antibody conjugated with a first binding partner bound to a second binding partner that is attached to particle.

A system, method, apparatus and diagnostic test for Plasmodium vivax, to determine a likelihood of a specific timing of infection by P. vivax in a subject, and hence identify individuals with a high probability of being infected with otherwise undetectable liver-stage hypnozoites. The system, method, apparatus and diagnostic test relate to the identification of hypnozoites (dormant liver-stages), or at least of the likelihood of the subject being so infected. Optionally and preferably, the specific timing relates to recent infections, for example within the last 9 months.

The present invention provides compositions and methods that can be used to determine a peptide signature for an antibody repertoire in a sample comprising multiple antibodies. The method can be used to characterize a phenotype in a sample, such as providing a diagnosis, prognosis or theranosis of a medical condition.

Embodiments of the present Invention provide antibody functionalized high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices for marine or freshwater pathogen sensing. In one embodiment, the marine pathogen can be Perkinsus marinus. A sensing unit can include a wireless transmitter fabricated on the HEMT. The sensing unit allows testing in areas without direct access to electrical outlets and can send the testing results to a central location using the wireless transmitter. According to embodiments, results of testing can be achieved within seconds.

The present invention relates to methods of screening biological samples for the presence of T. gondii. More particularly, the present invention relates to a sensitive and specific screening test for the presence of Toxoplasmosis in subjects by using or detecting the in vivo-induced T. gondii RAP domain binding protein antigen. The invention further relates to the use of the in vivo-induced antigen in the prevention or therapy of Toxoplasmosis.

Disclosed herein are diagnostic methods and compositions for identifying individuals that are protected against Plasmodium falciparum caused malaria. Such methods are particularly useful for determining not only the protective efficacy of Pf whole parasite vaccines for individual subjects, but also within populations of vaccinated subjects. Also disclosed herein are subunit vaccines comprising at least one Pf immunologic determinant for protection against Plasmodium-caused malaria.

Systems and methods are described herein for a diluent-containing tube comprising a beveled grinding surface and operable to receive a plunger comprising a complementary beveled grinding surface. Solid matrices placed within the diluent can be ground between the grinding surfaces to release molecules into the diluent for detection. The plunger may further comprise a groove containing a test strip operable to be deployed into the diluent after grinding for detection of the released molecules. In certain embodiments, the test strip may be a lateral flow immunoassay rapid antigen detection (LFA) test strip. The solid matrix may be a tick and the molecules may be antigens or pathogens related to tick-borne illnesses.

Provided herein are Purine Comounds of Formula (I) ##STR00001## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, isotopologues, or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Purine Compound, and methods for treating or preventing malaria comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Purine Compound.