The purpose of the present invention is to: provide an agent that effectively suppresses inhibition of antigen-antibody reaction in an immunoassay using a sample containing a body fluid, in particular, a component derived from a biological mucosal membrane, such as saliva; and to suppress false positive and false negative results in the immunoassay. The present invention provides an agent for suppressing inhibition of immune reaction, characterized in that the agent comprises a compound of the following (1) or (2): (1) Sulfonic acid compound of the formula R.sup.1SO.sub.3H or a salt thereof. (In the formula, R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain C.sub.5-C.sub.30 alkyl group; a straight-chain C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group substituted with an aryl group having at least one straight-chain C.sub.5-C.sub.30 alkyl group; and an aryl group having at least one straight-chain C.sub.5-C.sub.30 alkyl group. These groups may include a substituent group.); and (2) Quaternary ammonium ion of the formula N.sup.+R.sup.2R.sup.3R.sup.4R.sup.5 or a salt thereof. (In the formula, R.sup.2-R.sup.5 are each independently a straight-chain C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group, or an aryl group substituted with at least one straight-chain C.sub.5-C.sub.30 alkyl group. These groups may include a substituent group.); wherein the agent is capable of suppressing immune reaction inhibitory action caused by a body fluid in an immunoassay sample.

The present disclosure provides an antibody capable of binding to an intranuclear protein of an influenza virus and an application thereof. The present disclosure provides an antibody capable of recognizing a peptide consisting of the 205th-231st amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 24.

Methods for determination of risk, previous history and/or presence of a betaretrovirus infection in a subject are described herein. Said methods may comprise incubating a biological sample from the subject, the biological sample comprising immune effector-producing cells, with one or more betaretrovirus-specific epitopes, the betaretrovirus-specific epitopes comprising at least 7 contiguous amino acids according to any one of SEQ ID Nos. 1-36, and measuring the production of immune effectors by the immune effector-producing cells, wherein production of the immune effectors by the immune effector-producing cells determines risk and/or presence of betaretrovirus infection in the subject. Isolated peptides and kits for carrying out the methods are also described.

Disclosed are methods, devices and systems for the isolation and detection of biomolecules from a sample. The embodiments, detection of such biomolecules provides for detection of microorganisms. For example, disclosed are methods, devices and systems that use bacteriophage-based amplification of the signal in detection of bacteria and other microorganisms. The devices, systems and methods of the invention may allow for the detection of certain biomolecules peptides and ions in real time using minute amounts of sample.

This invention relates to high throughput methods of determining a viral titer. The instant invention addresses the need for a more rapid and cost effective method of quantitating infectious viral particles in a sample.

Provided herein are systems and methods to determine vaccine potency and toxin concentration. The provided systems and methods may be multiplexed to determine potency and toxin concentration simultaneously. The systems and methods may be microarray based, providing accurate results while reducing the amount of testing time required compared to current potency and toxin concentration tests which often require the use of animal subjects or expensive test materials. Further, the provided systems and methods may detect desired antigens, endotoxins and exotoxins.

Fc-fusion protein derivatives against HIV have enhanced yield in mammalian cells, and extended antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. The Fc-fusion protein derivatives can block the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into host cells, elicit effector functions through the activation of natural killer (NK) and other immune system cells, can be produced with high yield in mammalian cells, and have extended activity in vivo. Nucleic acids, vectors and host cells can express the Fc-fusion protein derivatives, which have therapeutic and diagnostic applications in human health.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for detecting and diagnosing flaviviral or alphaviral infections in subjects in need thereof. The systems and methods of the disclosure enable rapid testing of small volumes of biological sample with the ability to reliably distinguish between flavival and alphaviral infections and determine whether the viral infection is acute or chronic.

Monoclonal antibodies or fragments thereof are disclosed, which are binding to the protein P of the human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) which has a variable region of the heavy chain which has a sequence with at least a 90%, 95% or 99% of identity with the SEQ ID No: 1 or SEQ ID 5 or a variable region of the light chain which has a sequence with at least a 90%, 95% or 99% of identity with the SEQ ID No:2 or SEQ ID No: 6. Also provided are diagnostic methods ex vivo or in vitro for detection of the viral antigen P of RSV, in which are used the monoclonal antibodies produced and secreted by the hybridomas 2E6/D2 and 6H5/H1. The invention can be used in detection for RSV kits, having the antibodies produced by the mentioned hybridomas.

The present disclosure relates to biosensors comprising a sensor region, a linker region, and a reporter region. The sensor region is a DNA aptamer and includes a target domain configured to bind to a target and a reporter domain configured to bind to a reporter. The linker domain operably connects the target domain to the reporter domain. Binding of the target to the target domain results in a conformational change, such as an allosteric change, to the aptamer resulting in second signal emitted by the reporter that differs from a first signal emitted by the reporter compared to the target unbound state. Methods of selecting biosensors and their use to detect the presence of a target in a sample are provided herein.