A method includes attaching two or more beads to each unit of one or more units of a chemical component in a sample, to form, for each unit of the chemical component, a multi-bead complex including two or more beads and the unit of the chemical component; placing the sample on a surface of an image sensor; at the image sensor, receiving light originating at a light source, the received light including light reflected by, refracted by, or transmitted through the beads of the multi-bead complexes; at the image sensor, capturing one or more images of the sample from the received light; and identifying, in at least one of the images of the sample, separate multi-bead complexes, the identifying of the separate multi-bead complexes including associating the two or more beads of each of the multi-bead complexes based on proximity to one another.

Provided herein are engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) having nanomolar affinity for the immuno-dominant pp65 peptide residing between residues 495-503 (NLV) in complex with HLA-A2*02:01. The TCRs may be membrane-hound TCRs, soluble TCRs, chimeric TCRs, or chimeric antigen receptors. Also provided are methods of using the engineered TCRs to treat diseases, monitor disease progression, monitor vaccine efficacy, and detecting NLV/A2 presentation on the surface of cells.

As a technique for detecting an influenza virus with an improved accuracy, there is provided a method for detecting an influenza virus in a biological sample by using a first probe, which is decomposed by an influenza virus-derived neuraminidase and a bacterium-derived neuraminidase to generate an optically detectable signal, and a second probe, which is decomposed by the bacterium-derived neuraminidase to generate an optically detectable signal and not decomposed by the influenza virus-derived neuraminidase.

A nucleic acid aptamer having binding affinity to A/H1N1pdm09 influenza virus, agents comprising the aptamer, and methods using the aptamer are provided.

Described herein are methods of treating COVID19 from a coronavirus infection, methods of treating a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of improving a survival rate of a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of determining prognosis of a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of preventing or treating organ-dysfunction or multi-organ dysfunction or failure associated with a coronavirus infection, methods of combinational therapy for a subject having a coronavirus infection, methods of reducing microthrombi formation or low flow organ-ischemia associated with a coronavirus infection by administering a DEspR inhibitor.

The present disclosure relates to polypeptides that specifically bind to Dengue virus non-structural protein 1, including antibodies and fragments thereof. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may specifically bind Dengue virus (DENV) serotype 4 and include: a heavy chain variable region that comprises at least one CDR amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SGYNWH, YIHYSGGTNYNPSLKS, RTGTVPFAY, SYVMH, YLNPYNDDTKYNEKFKG, and GPPYALDY. The present disclosure further relates to methods of producing the polypeptides of the present disclosure, methods of diagnosing DENV, and methods of treating a DENV infection.

Virus-like particles, compositions and antibody detection tests with virus-like particles, and a method of producing virus-like particles are disclosed. The method includes generating a modified viral genome based on a viral genome, wherein a portion of the viral genome is removed to generate the modified viral genome configured to yield virus-like particles that are unable to replicate, and producing one or more virus-like particles using the modified viral genome.

A device and method for performing a diagnostic test, including determining presence or absence of antibodies to a virus. The device displays the results on a display, and includes a retractable needle and an enclosure that houses the retractable needle, a vessel for collecting or storing a bodily liquid sample collected from the subject, an enclosure containing a diluent fluid that is mixed with the collected sample, and at least one area for mixing and performing analysis.

A pressure sensor checks for pressure being applied by the test subject's finger during the test, and stops the test or disables display if it does not sense pressure of the test subject's finger during testing. A processor performs identification testing by scanning a digital fingerprint of the test subject by a digital scanner prior to evaluation, stores the data and evaluates the test results to determine whether the results exceed or reach a threshold value. The testing and evaluation are performed only after a successful identification of the test subject. The device keeps the test information and identification information about the test subject anonymous, and does not communicate the identity of the test subject and the test results to an external device.

Isolated V.sub.HH monoclonal antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to a Norovirus polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Norovirus is a Genogroup I Norovirus or a Genogroup II Norovirus. In other embodiments, the Norovirus is Norwalk or MD2004 virus. In some embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies specifically bind VP1. Also disclosed are compositions including the disclosed antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors including the nucleic acids, and isolated host cells that express the nucleic acids. The antibodies and compositions disclosed herein can be used for detecting the presence of a Norovirus in a biological sample, or detecting a Norovirus infection. Also disclosed are methods of treating and/or preventing a NoV infection.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting a target in a sample using mutated nanobodies, wherein an amino acid present in the loop of the FR1 region of framework of the nanobodies is mutated to cysteine.