A method for detection and measurement of neutralizing antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in a test-specimen, said method comprising obtaining a test-specimen from a subject, transferring the test-specimen to a sample well of a test-cassette, wherein the cassette further comprises a sample pad, a conjugate pad, a nitrocellulose membrane and an absorbent pad, wherein the sample pad comprises ACE2 or a functional fragment thereof, wherein the conjugate pad comprises a plurality of viral-ACE2-binding protein coupled to a plurality of labels, adding a buffer and reading the results from the test-cassette.

A biosensor having a core/shell nanocomposite of TiO2/rGO formed by hydrothermally coating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flakes on titanate nanowires.

Methods, apparatus, and systems provide improved identification of selected biohazard and/or biohazard signatures from complex in vivo or in vitro samples and include deep UV native fluorescence spectroscopic analysis for multiple locations of a sample wherein classification results for individual locations are combined and spatially correlated to provide a positive or negative conclusion of biohazard signature presence (e.g., for signatures for viruses, bacteria, and diseases including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and COVID-19 and its variants). Improvements include one or more of reduced sample processing time (minutes to fractions of a minute), reduced sampling cost (dollars to fractions of a dollar), high conclusion reliability (rivaling real time RT-PCR). Some embodiments may incorporate a stage or scanning mirror system to provide movement of a sample relative to an excitation exposure location. Some embodiments may incorporate Raman or phosphorescence spectroscopic analysis as well as imaging systems.

Devices and methods for automated liquid handling and reagent processing to provide labelling and detection of bacteria and viruses are provided. Labelling reactions are performed rapidly and with essentially no generation of hazardous waste or use of consumables. Highly sensitive detection is performed by measuring fluorescence on a rotating sample plate.

Methods and devices for continuous flow monitoring of a liquid sample for presence of an airborne microbial pathogen are provided. The liquid sample can be derived from environmental air. The methods and devices provide for continuous labeling of a targeted pathogen in the liquid sample with a fluorescent probe. A customized fluorescence detector is provided that can detect labeled pathogens during continuous flow.

Protected triazabutadiene molecules, such as those according to Formula D or variations thereof, as probes for cellular studies in intact biological systems. The protected triazabutadiene probes selectively release benzene diazonium ions (BDIs) intracellularly, providing a tool for accessing and/or labeling intracellular proteins or molecules prior to cell lysis. The present invention also includes methods for synthesizing the protected triazabutadienes, the protected triazabutadienes themselves, and methods of use.

A method for treating an early-stage microbial infection comprising determining whether a subject exposed to a coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV-2, or suspected of being exposed to a microbe, or exposed to another infected with or suspected of being infected with a coronavirus and, if the subject is infected with the coronavirus, administering an antimicrobial agent is provided herein.

The present disclosure relates to methods and kits for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus in a patient. For example, a method is disclosed that includes contacting at least a portion of a diluted saliva sample, the diluted saliva sample including a saliva sample from a patient and a saline solution, with a radiolabeled SARS-CoV-2-targeted antibody to form a first solution that includes target bound antibody and unbound antibody; separating at least a portion of the target bound antibody from the unbound antibody in the first solution to form a separated target bound antibody solution; and detecting a radiation level in the separated target bound antibody sample indicating the presence of the target bound antibody in the separated target bound antibody sample.

Immunoassay devices, systems, and methods described herein measure the presence of analytes of interest in a sample, as well as the presence of sample adequacy markers in a sample. The sample adequacy markers allow for the assessment of the quality, quantity, and composition of the sample. In one aspect, the sample adequacy marker in the sample includes human albumin. In another aspect, the sample adequacy marker in the sample includes lactotransferrin. The immunoassay devices, systems, and methods are able to distinguish between samples that do not contain an analyte of interest, and samples that are of insufficient adequacy to obtain an accurate result. The immunoassay devices, systems, and methods described herein can be implemented as part of a clinical, laboratory, or at-home testing system.

According to one embodiment, a method includes dispensing the specimen into first.sub.1 to first.sub.n containers configured to capture the target particle, removing a contaminant other than the target particle to be captured from the specimen, adding first to m-th probes to the first.sub.1 to first.sub.n containers, removing excessive first to m-th probes that have not bound to the target particle, individually amplifying the reporter portion for each of the first.sub.1 to first.sub.n containers using the common primer set to obtain first to n-th amplification products, removing an excessive common primer set from the first to n-th amplification products, dispensing the first to n-th amplification products into second.sub.1 to second.sub.m containers respectively, amplifying the amplification products in the second.sub.1 to second.sub.m containers using the first to m-th specific primer sets, and analyzing presence or absence or types of the target particles captured in the first.sub.1 to first.sub.n containers.