Compositions and methods for screening for a disease or a disorder associated with a deficiency in frataxin in a subject using biomarkers for diseases or disorders associated with a deficiency in frataxin are disclosed. The compositions and methods include determining the acetylation status of mitochondrial proteins. Also disclosed are methods of detecting progression of a disease or a disorder associated with a deficiency in frataxin in a subject and methods of monitoring effectiveness of a therapy for diseases or disorders associated with a deficiency in frataxin.

The present disclosure provides methods of evaluating a subject, e.g., a subject at risk for or suffering from a pKal-mediated or bradykinin-mediated disorder, based on values (e.g., percentages) of intact and/or cleaved kininogen in a sample of the subject. Provided methods permit analysis of patients with plasma kallikrein-mediated angioedema (KMA), or other diseases mediated by pKal useful in the evaluation and treatment. Such methods can involve the use of a detection agent that preferentially binds cleaved kininogen or intact kininogen.

Disclosed is a method for preparing N-benzyl sulfonamides. Also disclosed is a composition for treating cancer. The composition includes a N-benzyl sulfonamide and a metabolic inhibitor. Also disclosed is a method for determining the impact on cell ATP levels of a composition containing a N-benzyl sulfonamide with or without a metabolic inhibitor.

The present invention provides workflows for the discovery of nonallosteric sirtuin activation compounds. Workflows enable drug discovery of novel sirtuin activating compounds with prescribed effects on the binding in pockets near the active site interacting with flexible protein degrees of freedom around the active site. Novel kinetic models are used to confirm hit compounds and to improve their properties.

The present disclosure relates to devices, methods, and systems or kits for detecting ATP in a sample. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods for removing ATP contamination from a sample and detecting intracellular ATP in the sample (e.g., as a proxy for detecting live cells in the sample).

The subject invention provides methods, assays, and products for detecting small-molecule targets in a complex sample in both clinical and field settings. The subject invention provides aptamer-based sensors and methods of use thereof. The subject invention provides exonuclease-based methods for generating structure-switching aptamers from fully folded or pre-folded aptamers and developing aptamer-based sensors for small-molecule detection. The method for detecting one or more small-molecule targets in a sample comprises contacting the sample with one or more aptamer-based sensor selective for each of the small-molecule targets, and detecting the small-molecule target in the sample.

NADP-dependent oxidoreductase compositions, and electrodes, sensors and systems that include the same. Analyte sensors include an electrode having a sensing layer disposed thereon, the sensing layer comprising a polymer and an enzyme composition distributed therein. The enzyme composition includes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P).sup.+) or derivative thereof; an NAD(P).sup.+-dependent dehydrogenase; an NAD(P)H oxidoreductase; and an electron transfer agent comprising a transition metal complex.

NADP-dependent oxidoreductase compositions, and electrodes, sensors and systems that include the same. Analyte sensors include an electrode having a sensing layer disposed thereon, the sensing layer comprising a polymer and an enzyme composition distributed therein. The enzyme composition includes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P).sup.+) or derivative thereof; an NAD(P).sup.+-dependent dehydrogenase; an NAD(P)H oxidoreductase; and an electron transfer agent comprising a transition metal complex.

NADP-dependent oxidoreductase compositions, and electrodes, sensors and systems that include the same. Analyte sensors include an electrode having a sensing layer disposed thereon, the sensing layer comprising a polymer and an enzyme composition distributed therein. The enzyme composition includes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P).sup.+) or derivative thereof; an NAD(P).sup.+-dependent dehydrogenase; an NAD(P)H oxidoreductase; and an electron transfer agent comprising a transition metal complex.

The instant invention provides workflows for the design and characterization of mechanism-based sirtuin modulating compounds, including new or improved sirtuin activating compounds. Workflows for the design of mechanism-based sirtuin activating compounds are provided, based on conditions that must be satisfied by activators if they are to exploit the common catalytic mechanism of all sirtuin enzymes and hence increase catalytic efficiency for any sirtuin and any substrate.