The present disclosure is related to systems and methods to be used as aids in the diagnosis of risk for carcinoma, lesions, or dysplasia by identifying cellular phenotype characteristics of cell samples, including percentage of mature squamous cells, presence or absence of nuclear actin in mature squamous cells, percentage of non-mature squamous cells, percentage of small round cells, percentage of white blood cells, and percentage of lone nuclei.

Methods for extracting and analyzing a sample, and methods for predicting or diagnosing thyroid cancers and disorders, are described.

Disclosed herein are methods and composition useful for the detection of HPV in a subject sample.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, compositions and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a tumor in a subject comprising a three-dimensional (3D) organoid system.

The present disclosure provides antibodies that specifically bind to human FAM19A5 and compositions comprising such antibodies. Also provided herein are methods for treating fibrosis or cancer using the anti-FAM19A5 antibodies.

A method of distinguishing between urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and lung primaries is presented. A 19-gene signature was developed which differentiates between metastatic urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a metastatic site when the primary site is either known or unknown.

Compositions, methods, and kits are provided for diagnosing and treating uveal melanoma. In particular, biomarkers have been identified that can be used to diagnose uveal melanoma and subtype eye tumors according to their gene expression profile (GEP) class or PRAME status. These biomarkers can be used alone or in combination with one or more additional biomarkers or relevant clinical parameters in prognosis, diagnosis, or monitoring treatment of uveal melanoma.

A method of treating a cancer in a mammalian subject with a tumor signature characterized by any one or more of (i) a level of sirtuin (SIRT3) protein that is below a first predetermined threshold level, (ii) a level of manganese superoxide dismutase acetylated at the lysine 68 residue (AcK68) that exceeds a second predetermined threshold level, and (iii) expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 2.sub.α (HIF2.sub.α) that exceed a third predetermined threshold level indicative of lineage plasticity for stemness, the method comprising administering to the mammalian subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pentaaza macrocyclic ring complex corresponding to the Formula (I) below, optionally with administration of a further anti-cancer therapeutic agent.

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Provided according to one embodiment of the present invention is a marker composition for diagnosis or prognosis of esophageal cancer or thymic carcinoma, comprising an exosome overexpressing GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 (GCC2).

Disclosed herein are methods for use in detection of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or indels. The methods may comprise enriching cell-free DNA molecules for a panel of genomic regions and deep sequencing the enriched cfDNA to detect the SNVs or indels.