An in vitro method for predicting a likelihood of an individual having a cancer to efficiently respond to an anti-cancer treatment, said method including the steps: of a) measuring the level of nuclear expression of TRF2 in a biopsy obtained from said individual, b) comparing the level obtained in step a) to a reference value, and c) determining the predicted likelihood of said individual to efficiently respond to said anti-cancer treatment from the comparison performed in step b).

Methods for increasing susceptibility of cancer cells to immunotherapeutic agents and methods for assessing the effectiveness of a cancer treatment.

A method of characterizing a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stem cell (GSC), comprising culturing the GSC to provide a culture, contacting a first set of aliquots of the culture with individual compounds selected from a panel of compounds, identifying two or more of the selected compounds that cause more than a threshold level of cell death in the first set of aliquots, and characterizing the GSC as suitable for treatment with one or more combinations comprising the two or more identified compounds. A panel of anti-GBM chemotherapeutic compounds, the compounds selected by a method comprising surgically resecting the tumor, culturing a GSC derived from GBM tissue derived from a GBM tumor, contacting aliquots thereof with individual compounds selected from a panel of compounds, and identifying two or more of the selected compounds that cause more than a threshold level of cell death in the aliquots, thereby identifying the compounds.

Biomarkers are provided that are predictive of a subject's responsiveness to a therapy comprising lenvatinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., lenvatinib mesylate). The biomarkers, compositions, and methods described herein are useful in selecting appropriate treatment modalities for a subject having cancer (e.g., thyroid cancer, kidney cancer), suspected of having cancer, or at risk of developing cancer.

Methods and kits for assessing the presence of, and for detecting cancer, notably oral cancer, are disclosed. Such methods and kits use one or more lectins operably linked to a fluorophore, wherein the lectin binds differentially to cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, and wherein the fluorophore facilitates visualizing the differential binding. The lectins are applied to the oral mucosa of a subject, the fluorophore is exposed to light, and cancerous regions of the mucosa are visualized. In certain embodiments, the lectin specifically binds to one or more of a -galactoside, an - or -N-acetylglucosamine, or a sialic acid moiety.

Certain embodiments are directed to methods and compositions for detecting or measuring ANGPTL4 in urinary bladder cancer sample from a subject and assessing the bladder cancer status of the subject.

The invention features methods of diagnosis by assessing B7-H1 expression in a tissue from a subject that has, or is suspected of having, cancer, methods of treatment with agents that interfere with B7-H1-receptor interaction, methods of selecting candidate subjects likely to benefit from cancer immunotherapy, and methods of inhibiting expression of B7-H1.

The present application discloses a method of determining suitability of treating a patient suffering from cancer or metastasis of cancer characterized by aberrant expression of MUC1, with a MUC1* targeting therapeutic.

The present application discloses an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds specifically to a BAG2 polypeptide or fragment thereof, and a method of treating cancer thereof.

From gene expression analysis with a long-term recurrence-free group and a recurrence metastasis group of stomach cancer, CHRNB2 and NPTXR were identified as drug discovery targets. Tumor growth was successfully inhibited by an antibody medicine or a nucleic acid medicine targeting CHRNB2 or NPTXR. Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody linking to CHRNB2 or NPTXR are provided. Since these receptor molecules are novel molecular targets, treatment of cases which the existing therapeutic drugs have no effect on is made possible.