Provided herein are phosphorylated Dicer 1 (pDicer1) antibodies, including those that selectively bind Serine 1728 and/or Serine 1852. Further provided herein are methods of treating cancer by administering the pDicer1 antibodies alone or in combination with other therapies.

The invention provides methods and compositions to detect expression of one or more biornarkers, including FGFR3, TP53, and/or EGFR, for treating, diagnosing, and providing a prognosis for cancer, e.g., bladder cancer. The invention also provides kits and articles of manufacture for use in the methods.

Provided by the invention are methods for identifying therapeutic agents for treating multiple myeloma or another hematological malignancy, as well as methods for determining the prognosis of a patient with multiple myeloma or another hematological malignancy. The methods are based in part on the inventors' discovery that an extracellular form of cyclophilin A binds to CD147 expressed on multiple myeloma cells.

The disclosure provides a method of immunotherapy for a cancer patient, comprises administering vaccines against Globo series antigens (i.e., Globo H, Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 “SSEA3” and Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 “SSEA4”). Specifically, the method comprises administering Globo H-KLH (OBI-822) in patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer. The disclosure also provides a method of comprises selecting a cancer patient who is suitable as treatment candidate for immunotherapy. In addition, the disclosure provides therapeutic agents, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind specifically to Globo series antigens and related biomarkers useful in focusing such therapeutic and diagnostic regimens.

We determined the sequence of ATRX and DAXX in 447 cancers from various sites. We found mutations most commonly in pediatric glioblastoma multiformae (GBM) (11.1%), adult GBM (6.5%), oligodendrogliomas (7.7%) and medulloblastomas (1.5%); and showed that Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT), a telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism found in cancers that have not activated telomerase, perfectly correlated with somatic mutations of either gene. In contrast, neuroblastomas, and adenocarcinomas of the ovary, breast, and pancreas were negative for mutations in ATRX and DAXX. Alterations in ATRX or DAXX define a specific molecular pathway that is closely associated with an alternative telomere maintenance function in human cancers.

[Problem] To provide the following: an agent for treating cancer, particularly an agent for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation or an agent for inhibiting or preventing cancer metastasis; drug that uses the agent; a method for assessing the effect of cancer treatment; a method for estimating the prognosis of cancer treatment; a method for screening for a substance having a cancer proliferation-inhibiting effect; and a method for screening a substance having a cancer metastasis-impeding effect. [Solution] Provided is a drug containing a nucleic acid formed from a nucleotide sequence having sequence identity of 70% or greater with at least sequence No. 1 or No. 2, wherein the nucleic acid shows protein expression-inhibiting activity.

Provided are applications of an upstream Open Reading Frame (uORF) of a Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) gene and a polypeptide coded by the same. A potential ORF of 96 bases (31aa-uORF) existing in the 5′ UTR of the PTEN can code an oligopeptide of 31 amino acids (named PTEN-31aa) and plays an important role in the development and progression process of tumors. Provided is a new diagnostic and therapeutic method and a drug screening platform for PTEN expression regulation related diseases, in particular gliomas. Also provided is a polypeptide for treatment of PTEN expression regulation related diseases.

Disclosed is an ex vivo method for detecting plural predefined oral biomarkers within biological material present in a human oral cavity when oral cancerous activity is present in said cavity, the method comprising the steps of: i) providing a solid support for accepting a sample of biological material from the oral cavity; ii) transferring a sample of the biological material to the solid support, iii) performing one or more ex vivo plural assays to detect the presence of said plural biomarkers on the solid support, in the form of one or more nucleic acid sequences, and/or one or more proteins, and/or one or more enzymes indicative of said oral cancerous activity. A sample swab 10 suitable for use with the above methods is disclosed also.

The present application relates to use of hexokinase-2 and a kit for detecting rare tumor cells in body fluid sample. The present application, based on a principle of abnormal tumor cell energy metabolism, conducts a vitro detection by using a glycolysis marker hexokinase-2 (HK2) as a marker, and assists localization and selection of the rare tumor cells by an addressable microporous array chip or a glass sheet, so as to implement a detection on rare tumor cells having high glycolysis activity in a cancer patient's body fluid sample. The detection method of present application allows to detect rare tumor cells having high glycolysis activity in the human body fluid sample, especially detect circulating tumor cells of an interstitial origin tumor and the circulating tumor cells having epithelial-interstitial transformation in epithelial origin tumors, thereby covering the shortage of traditional detection against the circulating tumor cells based on an epithelial marker, and providing a technical basis for better application of cancer liquid biopsy in clinic.

The present invention relates to detection of cancer, or assessment of risk of development thereof. In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods detection of field carcinogenesis by identification of ultrastructural and molecular markers in a subject.