Disclosed is an isolated or purified T cell receptor (TCR) having antigenic specificity for mutated Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) presented in the context of an HLA-Cw*0802 molecule. Related polypeptides and proteins, as well as related nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, populations of cells, and pharmaceutical compositions are also provided. Also disclosed are methods of detecting the presence of cancer in a mammal and methods of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal.

A compound represented by the following general formula (I) [the symbol in the formula are as defined in the description], a salt thereof, or the like is a RET inhibitor or RET tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can he used as an agent for the prevention or treatment of disorders including cancers and cancer metastasis having mutations in RET.

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The present invention relates to compositions and methods for molecular profiling and diagnostics for genetic disorders and cancer, including but not limited to gene expression product markers associated with cancer or genetic disorders. In particular, the present invention provides algorithms and methods of classifying cancer, for example, thyroid cancer, methods of determining molecular profiles, and methods of analyzing results to provide a diagnosis.

The invention relates to classification, diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and kits that classify cancers into various subtypes based on expression patterns of AKT pathway components. In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods and kits that diagnose cancer subtypes by evaluating expression patterns of AKT pathway components. In still another embodiment, the present invention provides methods and kits that treat a cancer subtype by administering an alkylating agent or a PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor to a patient. Cancers suitable with various embodiments of the invention include but are not limited to brain tumors, gliomas and GBM.

The invention provides antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine expressed by a cancer cell or an inflammatory cell. Also provided are compositions including these antibodies, as well as polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and methods useful for production thereof. Further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing cancer in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine, optionally in combination with another anti-cancer agent. Still further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disease in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine. Yet further provided are methods and kits for detecting the presence of cancer cells in an individual including an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine and/or N-acetyl-galactosamine.

The invention provides compositions and methods for detecting a neoplasia (e.g., pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer) in a subject sample (e.g., serum, blood, plasma, tissue). In particular embodiments, the invention provides methods for detecting BNC1 and ADAMTS1 promoter methylation in circulating DNA in serum.

Methods for diagnosing a cancer in a subject include providing a biological sample from the subject and determining an amount of Reg3A in the sample. The subject is then diagnosed as having cancer or a risk thereof if there is a measurable difference in the amount of the Reg3A in the biological sample as compared to a control level of the Reg3A. The amount of Reg3A can be determined by itself or in combination with an amount of soluble E-cadherin (sEcad) and/or additional Reg family members. The subject can further be administered an effective amount of an agent capable of affecting an expression level or activity of Reg3A as part of a therapeutic method for treating a cancer. The Reg3A affecting agent can be an anti-Reg3A antibody that is administered alone or with an effective amount of a chemotherapeutic agent.

The disclosure features systems and methods for measuring and diagnosing target constituents bound to labeling particles in a sample. The systems include a radiation source, a sample holder, a detector configured to obtain one or more diffraction patterns of the sample each including information corresponding to optical properties of sample constituents, and an electronic processor configured to, for each of the one or more diffraction patterns: (a) analyze the diffraction pattern to obtain amplitude information and phase information corresponding to the sample constituents; (b) identify one or more particle-bound target sample constituents based on at least one of the amplitude information and the phase information; and (c) determine an amount of at least one of the particle-bound target sample constituents in the sample based on at least one of the amplitude information and the phase information.

Methods are provided for treating a cancer patient suffering from a glioblastoma (GBM) by administering to the patient an effective amount of temozolomide, wherein a mass spectrometry analysis of a protein digest of a formalin-fixed tumor sample from the patient evidences an amount of a MGMT fragment peptide less than or substantially equal to 150 amol/g.

Methods for diagnosing a subject as a candidate for removal of a solid tumor without preoperative chemoradiation therapy, and methods for treating patients having solid tumors, who have one or more of genomic instability, elevated double stranded DNA breaks, elevated gamma-H2AX foci, or elevated replication stress and/or double stranded break-signalling (DSB-signalling) biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are provided herein.