Provided herein are methods for treating cancer in a patient who has been determined to have positive expression of CD200 receptor (CD200R1) and one or more biomarkers (i.e., ICOS, TIGIT, TNFRSF9, HAVCR2, PDCD1, FCGR2A, FCGR1A, CD163, and/or CD14) by administering to the patient a CD200 inhibitor. Also provided are methods for monitoring responsiveness of a patient having cancer to treatment with a CD200 inhibitor, the method comprising: determining expression levels of CD200R1 and one or more biomarkers (i.e., ICOS, TIGIT, TNFRSF9, HAVCR2, PDCD1, FCGR2A, FCGR1A, CD163, and/or CD14) in a biological sample from the patient, wherein increased expression levels of CD200R1 and the one or more biomarkers, as compared to expression levels in a biological sample of the same type obtained from the subject prior to treatment with the CD200 inhibitor, indicates that the subject is responsive to treatment with the CD200 inhibitor.

Use of phospho-Akt as a biomarker for predicting the response, such as resistance, to a compound, wherein phospho-Akt is Akt that has been phosphorylated on one or more residues, with the proviso that fir Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 the designation phospho-Akt is used to indicate phosphorylation at a site other than T308, T309 or T305 respectively, wherein the compound is a compound of general formula (I) wherein R represents phenyl, thienyl or pyridinyl wherein phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, acyloxy-lower alkyl, phenyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, hydroxy-lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy-lower alkoxy, phenyl-lower alkoxy, lower alkylcarbonyloxy, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, lower alkoxycarbonylamino, lower alkylcarbonylamino, substituted amino wherein the two substituents on nitrogen form together with the nitrogen heterocyclyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halogen, and nitro; and wherein two adjacent substituents are methylenedioxy; and wherein pyridinyl is optionally substituted by lower alkoxy, amino or halogen; X represents a group CY, wherein Y stands for oxygen or nitrogen substituted by hydroxy or lower alkoxy; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl or cyano-lower alkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 represent hydrogen; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of each other, represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together represent methylenedioxy, and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof; or wherein R represents phenyl or pyridinyl wherein phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, acyloxy-lower alkyl, phenyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, hydroxy-lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy-lower alkoxy, phenyl-lower alkoxy, lower alkylcarbonyloxy, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, lower alkoxycarbonylamino, lower alkoxycarbonylamino, substituted amino wherein the two substituents on nitrogen form together with the nitrogen heterocyclyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, formyl, cyano, halogen, and nitro; and wherein two adjacent substituents are methylenedioxy; and wherein pyridinyl is optionally substituted by lower alkoxy, amino or halogen; X represents oxygen; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl or cyano-lower alkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 represent hydrogen; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of each other, represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 t

The present invention relates to a composition for diagnosis or prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer, which includes an agent for measuring the expression level of mRNA of ADM2 gene or a protein thereof, a kit for diagnosis or prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer, which includes the composition, and a method for providing information for diagnosis or prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer using the composition or the kit.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods for determining the eligibility of a subject having a malignancy for treatment with an anti-PD therapeutic agent. In certain embodiments, the method includes determining, by immunohistochemistry, the number of PD-L1 positive malignant cells in a tumor tissue section as well as the number of infiltrating non-malignant cells and/or non-malignant cells of the stromal interface area. The infiltrating non-malignant cells and/or non-malignant cells of the stromal interface area are positive for a marker selected from PD-L1, CD8, CD68, and any combination thereof. Compositions and kits or performing the disclosed methods are also provided.

The present invention relates to a method for diagnosis of bile duct cancer, using methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) in bile duct cells of a latent patient.

A highly sensitive method of detecting GASP-1 or a fragment thereof in a sample is provided. The method comprises (a) exposing a surface to a sample comprising GASP-1 or a fragment thereof; (b) immobilizing an anti-GASP-1 detection antibody to the surface; (c) measuring the amount of the anti-GASP-1 detection antibody immobilized to the surface; and (d) determining the presence of the GASP-1 or a fragment thereof in the sample based on the amount of the anti-GASP-1 detection antibody immobilized to the surface. A coating agent may be immobilized to the surface in step (a), and the anti-GASP-1 detection antibody may be immobilized to the surface via the coating agent, directly or indirectly. The coating agent may be selected from the group consisting of a first GASP-1 fragment, a conjugate of a protein (e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA)) and a GASP-1 peptide, a capture antibody against a microvesicle or exosomal surface biomarker, a capture antibody against a second GASP-1 fragment, and a combination thereof. Also provided are kits for detecting GASP-1 or its fragment.

The present invention relates to computer-implemented methods and system for analysing a biomarker which cycles in a subject. In some other aspects, the present invention relates to analysing a biomarker which at least initially increases or decreases in amount in a subject following a treatment for a disease. In further aspects, the present invention relates to computer-implemented methods and systems for determining a preferred time to administer a therapy to treat a disease in a subject. The present invention also relates to computer program product to implement the methods. Further, the present invention relates to methods of determining the timing of treating a disease in a subject in which the immune system is cycling.

The present disclosure describes the use of 2,4-disulfonyl phenyl tert-butyl nitron (2,4-ds-PBN) in the treatment of temozolomide drug resistant gliomas. The 2,4-ds-PBN may be used combined with other chemo- and radiotherapies and surgery, including temozolomide, to reduce glioma occurrence, recurrence, spread, growth, metastasis, and vascularization, and to inhibit development of temozolomide resistance.

Fusion polypeptides have an FGFR2 polypeptide and cDNAs encode such fusion polypeptides. Methods of diagnosing the presence of the fusion polypeptides or of a gene or RNA sequence coding therefore in a sample from a subject as well as methods of treatment of a tumor instructed by the latter diagnosis.

The present invention relates to methods and kits for the diagnosis, prognosis and/or monitoring of cancer in a patient. The present invention further relates to isolated peptides, panels of isolated peptides and diagnostic devices.