This disclosure provides a method for treating HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck comprising administering to the subject an immune checkpoint inhibitor, e.g., an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. The disclosure also provides a method for treating HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck administering to the subject an immune checkpoint inhibitor, e.g., an anti-PD-1 antibody or an anti-PD-L1 antibody. The subject can be additionally administered another anti-cancer agent.

The invention concerns a method and a system for diagnosing a pathology in a mammal in need thereof. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: collecting a blood, blood plasma or blood serum sample from said mammal, said biological sample comprising a protein mixture; obtaining an optical thermal denaturation profile of said biological sample; comparing said optical thermal denaturation profile of said biological sample with an optical thermal denaturation reference profile; and diagnosing the pathology.

The invention provides polymeric H-NOX proteins for the delivery of oxygen with longer circulation half-lives compared to monomeric H-NOX proteins. Polymeric H-NOX proteins extravasate into and preferentially accumulate in tumor tissue for sustained delivery of oxygen. The invention also provides the use of H-NOX proteins as radiosensitizers for the treatment of brain cancers.

The invention concerns gene signatures obtained from microvesicles and a method of applying these gene signatures in helping to determine a biological condition. The determination of a biological condition may aid, for example, the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy treatment selection for disease in a subject.

Provided by the invention are methods for identifying therapeutic agents for treating multiple myeloma or another hematological malignancy, as well as methods for determining the prognosis of a patient with multiple myeloma or another hematological malignancy. The methods are based in part on the inventors' discovery that an extracellular form of cyclophilin A binds to CD147 expressed on multiple myeloma cells.

Phosphorylation of histones was observed at certain tyrosine residues which have not been associated with epigenetic modification. These sites include H2B Tyr37, H4 Tyr88 and Tyr51 and H3 Tyr99. Kinases responsible for the phosphorylation as well as downstream genes regulated by such phosphorylation were also identified. Antibodies that are specific to such phosphorylated histones have been generated, which are useful for detecting the phosphorylation and related events. With such findings, the present disclosure provides compositions and methods for disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapy selection, in particular for cancer, obesity and diabetes.

Provided herein are methods for identifying a subject with an increased likelihood of developing or having metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), or a subject with an increased likelihood of developing or having recurrent PTC, and the treatment of such a subject.

A method for the in vitro differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases is described comprising the step of determining by means of mass spectrometry in a biological sample the variation in intensity of at least one of the peaks (m/z)0.3% selected from the group consisting of 10129 Th, 9749 Th, 10092 Th, 7935 Th, 4620 Th, 4748 Th, 8565 Th, 7565 Th, 4518 Th, 7936 Th, 5044 Th, 6699 Th, 11310 Th, 12277 Th, 6805 Th, 6880 Th, 8566 Th, 8309 Th, 5564 Th, 9711 Th, 7263 Th, 10296 Th and 4353 Th and/or of at least one of the peaks (m/z)0.3% selected from the group consisting of 4987 Th, 7110 Th, 4804 Th, 9957 Th, 6719 Th, 4372 Th, 4196 Th, 4111 Th, 4282 Th, 5935 Th and 5519 Th.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to methods of inhibiting cancer stem cells and growth of aggressive and/or poorly differentiated metastatic tumors comprising the cancer stem cells with HMGA1 inhibitors. The presently disclosed subject matter also provides methods of selecting and treating a subject with aggressive and/or poorly differentiated metastatic cancer using HMGA1 inhibitors.