Disclosed herein are methods of increasing the expression rate of epigenetic markers such as ELOVL2, KLF14, and PENK with administration of a therapeutic agent (e.g., vitamin C or its derivatives, analogs, metabolites, prodrugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof). Also described herein are methods of modulating the methylation pattern of epigenetic markers such as ELOVL2, KLF14, and PENK with administration of a therapeutic agent (e.g., vitamin C or its derivatives, analogs, metabolites, prodrugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof).

The present invention relates to the field of immunology and hyperproliferative diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of detecting and monitoring therapeutic antibody:antigen complex, soluble antigen and soluble therapeutic antibody, wherein a patient has undergone at least one course of immunotherapy. Yet further, levels of therapeutic antibody:antigen complexes, soluble antigens or soluble therapeutic antibodies may be measured and used to stage or monitor a hyperproliferative disease.

The invention relates to a method for improving the screening of histological samples, especially samples that may include cancerous or precancerous cells, or cells having other disease states. The method involves analysing a sample obtained from a subject and comprises the steps of providing the spectra produced by scanning the sample using FTIR spectroscopy and identifying or sorting the cells in the sample according to the spectrum each produces.

The present disclosure relates to a method for predicting a recurrence and a progression of an urothelial cancer patient after a treatment including steps as follows. A urine sample is obtained from a subject. The urine sample is performing a serially centrifugation step to obtain a third precipitate. The third precipitate is resuspended with an extraction solvent to obtain a third mixture, and the third mixture is centrifuged to obtain a fourth supernatant. The fourth supernatant is analyzed by a mass spectrometry to detect whether there is a particular peptide therein.

Immunoglobulin light chain proteins are used to generate synthetic fibrils in vitro. The fibrils are mixed with immunoglobulin light chain proteins from a biological sample. In either a direct binding assay, competition assay, or dilution-based competition assay, a signal is detected from the mixture. The intensity of the detectable signal relates to the level of binding between the immunoglobulin light chain proteins to the fibrils and can thus be used to identify amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain proteins in a biological sample of the subject and to assess amyloidogenic risk to a subject. For example, the signal intensities from the assays can be used in a comparison to one or more threshold (control) values derived from samples of known light chain types or in the absence of light chains. The comparisons permit identification of amyloidogenic proteins, assessment of amyloidogenic risk, and categorization of the subject into an appropriate at risk group.

Provided herein are methods for treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide derived from the EphA2 protein and/or the IL-13R?2 protein and monitoring the amount of cancer stem cells in said subject. Also provided herein are methods for monitoring the efficacy of an EphA2 peptide-based cancer treatment or an IL-13R?2 peptide-based cancer treatment in a patient with cancer, comprising monitoring the amount of cancer stem cells in said subject prior to, during, and/or following cancer treatment of a patient.

The present invention relates to methods and kits for the diagnosis, prognosis and/or monitoring of cancer in a patient. The present invention further relates to isolated peptides, panels of isolated peptides and diagnostic devices.

Modified Tryptamine, Tryptamine-2-deoxy-uridine (TrpdU) and TrpdU-phosphoramidites for oligonucleotide syn-thesis are provided, as well as improved methods of their synthesis and oligonucleotides comprising at least one modified TrpdU nucleotide.

The present invention is directed to therapeutic methods using IL-6 antagonists such as anti-IL-6 antibodies and fragments thereof having binding specificity for IL-6 to prevent or treat mucositis (e.g., oral mucositis) including persons on a treatment regimen with a drug or chemotherapy and/or radiation for cancer (e.g., head and neck cancer) that is associated with increased risk of mucositis, including oral mucositis.

An antibody recognizing the O-acetylated-GD2 ganglioside for the treatment of Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) cancer, a pharmaceutical composition including the antibody for treating a CSC cancer and a method for treating a CSC cancer in a patient in need thereof, the method including administering the antibody to the patient. A method for diagnosing a CSC, the use of the O-acetylated-GD2 ganglioside as a biomarker of CSC cancer, and a method for predicting the response of a subject affected with CSC cancer to a treatment with the antibody or the composition are also described.