The invention generally provides improved compositions and methods for detecting, diagnosing, prognosing, and monitoring multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a subject. In particular, the invention provides methods for detecting BCMA in subjects to reliably diagnose, predict survival, or monitor multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the subject.

A method for the early detection of head and neck cancer is provided. The method includes obtaining a saliva sample from a subject, determining the expression level of Desmoglien 3 (DSG3) in the saliva sample, and detecting head and neck cancer by the expression level of DSG3.

Methods and systems for identifying and treating patients with cancers that can bind E-selectin are disclosed. E-selectin-binding cancers are identified by their cell surface expression sialyl Le.sup.3 and sialyl Le.sup.3 carbohydrate epitopes, and such cancers can be identified by antibodies that bind to sialyl Le.sup.a/x, such as HECA-452. Such cancers can be treated with antagonists of E-selectin such as glycomimetic compounds and with immunotherapies targeting the cell surface carbohydrates containing the sialyl Le.sup.a/x domains to block and/or disrupt the binding of E-selectin.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining whether a subject suffers from malignant lymphoma or leukemia and an agent for treating and/or preventing the disease. The present invention relates to a method for assisting in determining whether a subject suffers from, or is likely to suffer from malignant lymphoma or leukemia, comprising: a detection step of detecting at least one of a fusion mutation of a DUX4 gene, an overexpression of a DUX4 gene, and a fusion mutation of an MEF2D gene; and a determination step of determining that the subject suffers from or is likely to suffer from the disease when at least one of the fusion mutations or the overexpression is detected. Moreover, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a DUX4 inhibitor as an active ingredient, for treating and/or preventing malignant lymphoma or leukemia in a subject having a fusion mutation of a DUX4 gene and an IGH or IGL gene and/or overexpression of a DUX4 gene.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for treating a cancer, methods for increasing an immune response against a tumor, methods for treating an autoimmune disease, and methods for decreasing an inflammation response in a subject in need thereof by modulating the expression and/or activity of Siglec 15 and/or its binding ligands.

The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting a biomarker selected from the group consisting of Nucleotide binding protein 2 (NUBP2), Testis specific protein Y-linked 3 (TSPY3), XAGE-4 protein (XAGE4), Testis specific protein Y-linked 2 (TSPY2), Replication protein A2 (RPA2), Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), High mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 (HMGN5/NSBP1), Rhophilin associated protein 1 (ROPN1, Ropporin), RNA binding motif protein 46 (RBM46), Proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PSME3), Keratin 19 (KRT19), Transgelin (TAGLN), Peroxiredoxin (PRDX1), S100 Calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), and Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1), in a sample. The present disclosure provides for the use of biomarker for the detection of oral cancer in a sample. The detection of the biomarker helps in early diagnosis of oral cancer.

The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising inhibitors of human histone methyltransferase EZH2 and one or more other therapeutic agents, particularly anticancer agents such as prednisone, and methods of combination therapy for administering to subjects in need thereof for the treatment of cancer.

The present disorders disclosure provides method for processing or analyzing a sample of thyroid tissue of a subject, to generate a classification of the sample of thyroid tissue as positive or negative for thyroid cancer. The present disclosure also provides algorithms and methods of classifying cancer, for example, thyroid cancer, methods of determining molecular profiles, and methods of analyzing results, which may be used to provide a diagnosis.

Methods are provided for determining prognosis of multiple myeloma in a patient by measuring expression of BCMA in a sample. Also provided are methods for treating multiple myeloma by measuring expression of BCMA in a sample and administering an effective amount of an antigen binding protein that binds BCMA. Also provided are kits for measuring BCMA expression in a sample.

The present invention provides use of EB1 as a biomarker for predicting the response of a brain neoplasm to a compound of formula (I) wherein R represents phenyl or pyridinyl; wherein phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, amino, acetylamino, halogen and nitro; and wherein pyridinyl is optionally substituted by amino or halogen; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or cyano-lower alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and wherein the prefix lower denotes a radical having up to and including a maximum of 4 carbon atoms; in particular wherein a higher level of EB1 in the sample from the subject relative to a standard value or set of standard values predicts sensitivity of the brain neoplasm to the compound of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. The invention also provides methods of treatment and kits for use according to the invention.

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