Provided is a peripheral blood biomarker for predicting the long-term survival/need for therapeutic intervention in cancer immunotherapy. The present invention provides a method that uses a composition of a cell subpopulation in a sample obtained from a subject as an indicator to predict the long-term survival of the subject in cancer immunotherapy. The long-term survival/need for therapeutic intervention in a subject in cancer immunotherapy can be predicted by comparing the level of a CD4+ T cell subpopulation that correlates with dendritic cell stimulation in an antitumor immune response or a dendritic cell subpopulation that correlates with dendritic cell stimulation in an antitumor immune response with a reference standard.

Disclosed is a two-staged, generalized cancer screening concept modeled closely after a suppression test. The test is blood based, and screens for elevated levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19), a cancer biomarker expressed across a majority of cancers, via standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Unlike other biomarker-based blood tests that rely on a single-blood draw, the F-CME test validates cancer with a follow-up test using oral cholestyramine as the “suppression” drug.

An anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody and use thereof. The provided anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody can effectively inhibit tumor growth. Blocking human SIRP and human CD47 signals may enhance macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells, prevent the tumor cells from escaping a tumor immune defense system, and have an anti-tumor function. Blocking association between the CD47 on a tumor cell surface and the SIRP on a macrophage surface may block a “do not eat me” signal from the tumor cells, promoting tumor cell recognition and uptake of macrophages, and thereby facilitating tumor cells to be phagocytosed. The association between the CD47 on a tumor cell surface and the SIRP on a macrophage surface is a common “do not eat me” signal. The anti-CD47 antibody, as a very promising target in the tumor immune system, will play a powerful and effective role in human cancer therapy.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

Disclosed is a method for predicting whether esophageal cancer is sensitive or resistant to treatment with an ERBB3 inhibitor, e.g, an anti-ERBB3 antibody. Specifically, the method predicts by measurement of expression at the RNA level, or at the protein level, of at least one biomarker selected from SDC2, PTGES, NCF2, NOXA1, CARD6 and GNAZ in a tumor sample.

The present inventors have demonstrated that circulating auto-antibodies to cancer antigens hold promise as specific and sensitive biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. The present invention thus relates to methods of detecting cancer in a sample, comprising utilising a glycopeptide bait derived from human mucins with different cancer-associated O-glycans. Detected antibodies were demonstrated as glycopeptide specific, and it could be discriminated between e.g. colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. The inventors have also developed monoclonal antibodies based on the identified glycopeptides epitope baits, and demonstrated differential expression of the relevant target antigens. The invention thus, in a lock and key-based manner includes both glycopeptides and antibody tools for early detection of cancer, as well as methods of using the same for in situ visualisation and treatment of specific cancer types.

Described herein are membrane permeabilizing peptides and antimicrobial peptides, polynucleotides encoding the peptides, and compositions containing the peptides. Furthermore, described herein are methods for using the peptides, polynucleotides, and compositions for research, diagnosis, and therapy.

The present invention relates to a composition for diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer, a method for providing information needed for diagnosis of bone metastasis of cancer using same, a method for providing information needed for monitoring responses to treatment of bone metastasis of cancer using same, and a method for screening a therapeutic agent for bone metastasis of cancer using same. The composition for diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer of the present invention has the effect of effectively diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer at an early stage.

Methods of treating with radiation therapy a subject having cancer, in which the method comprises administering radiation therapy to the subject. The subject does not have an increased risk of having an adverse reaction to radiation therapy. The subject has an increased risk of an adverse reaction to radiation therapy when the subject's level of each component in a component profile from a sample of the subject is altered as compared to the normal level of each component. The component profile may comprise a metabolite panel of geranyl pyrophosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; a lipid panel of LPA 18:0, LPA 16:0, LPC 20:2, CER 24:0, and LPI 16:1; or a combination of these panels. The component profile may also comprise a metabolite panel of metanephrine, tryptophan, xanthurenic acid, and pantothenate; a lipid panel of LPA 18:0, DAG 16:0/18:0, LPA 16:0, and DAG 18:1/18:1; or a combination of these panels.

A method of data interpretation from a multiplex cancer assay is described. The aggregate normalized score from the assay is transformed to a quantitative risk score quantifying a human subject's increased risk for the presence of cancer as compared to the known prevalence of the cancer in the population before testing the subject.