A method of identifying a subject having cancer who is likely to be responsive to a treatment comprising a compound or predicting the responsiveness of a subject having or suspected of having cancer to a treatment comprising the compound, comprising: providing a sample from the subject; measuring gene expression level of one or more genes in the sample; and identifying the subject as being likely to be responsive to the treatment comprising the compound if the expression level of the gene is different from a reference level, and wherein the gene is a gene involved in mTOR signaling, or the gene is ILF 2 or ILFS.

Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a noninvasive and localized brain liquid biopsy using focused ultrasound. Briefly, therefore, the present disclosure is directed to methods and systems to identify brain lesion or tumor characteristics without the need for a solid brain biopsy.

To improve the reliability of mutual diagnosis in a cancer determination by machine learning, m/z values of ions originating from tumor markers or similar substances used in other related tests are stored in a particular m/z-value database. A spectrum information filtering section deletes signal intensities at the m/z values stored in the particular m/z-value database from a large number of mass spectra classified by the presence or absence of cancer. Using the data which remain after the deletion as training data, a training processor obtains training-result information and stores it in a training result database. A judgment processor similarly deletes signal intensities at the predetermined m/z values from mass spectrum data obtained for a target sample to be judged. Then, based on the training-result information stored in the training-result database, the judgment processor determines whether the target sample should be classified into a cancerous group or non-cancerous group.

A bivalent, anti-MICA human monoclonal antibody formed by two or more heavy and light chains with a variable immunoglobulin domain neutralises the MICA protein in its soluble state and opsonises tumour cells expressing the antigen, stimulating adaptive immunity in the treatment of gastric cancer or other types of cancer in which the tumour cells express MICA in the soluble form or abundantly on their surface.

The present disclosure relates to methods of determining whether a subject has cancer. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining whether a subject has cancer when a pathological assessment of cell morphology is negative for the cancer. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining whether a morphologically normal cell is malignant. Identification of malignant cells, when a pathological assessment of cell morphology is negative for cancer, is based upon detecting the binding of an anti-telomerase antibody to clinically relevant cells.

A method of treating a cancer in a subject, in need thereof, comprising determining a DKK1 expression H-score or % positive in a sample of the subject's cancer; and administering a DKK1 antagonist to the subject determined to have the DKK1 expression H-score or % positive equal to or greater than a predetermined value.

An exosome to be analyzed having a first bead and a second bead bound thereto is collected from a buffer fluid containing the exosome to be analyzed having the first bead and the second bead bound thereto. A first antibody that specifically binds to a first antigen associated with a first disease is fixed to a surface of the first bead. A second antibody that specifically binds to a second antigen associated with a second disease is fixed to a surface of the second bead. The first bead is separated from the exosome, and the exosome having the second bead bound thereto is collected. The exosome having the second bead bound thereto is dissolved, and the second bead and an inclusion of the exosome are collected. The inclusion of the exosome is analyzed, and the number of second beads is counted.

A method for generating an immune score, the method comprising the steps of: (i) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a sample; (ii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling in the sample; (iii) determining a qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden in the sample; (iv) generating, using a predictive algorithm, an immune score based on the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of T-cell receptor signaling, and the determined qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of mutation burden.

The subject invention pertains to compositions and methods for preparing and using recombinant proteins based on the fungal Coprinus comatus Y3 protein to control plant and animal viruses and microbes, and diagnose, prevent and treat cancers. Methods are disclosed using compositions comprising recombinant Y3 proteins to diagnose, prevent and/or treat cancer diseases based on recombinant Y3 protein interaction with glycans expressed on cancer cells.

The present disclosure provides antigen-binding proteins which bind to Claudin-6 (CLDN6). In various aspects, the antigen-binding proteins bind to Extracellular Loop 2 (EL2) of the extracellular domain of CLDN6. Related polypeptides, nucleic acids, vectors, host cells, and conjugates are further provided herein. Kits and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such entities are moreover provided. Also provided are methods of making an antigen-binding protein and methods of treating a subject having cancer.