Provided herein are methods and systems for sequencing proteins. One or more methods disclosed herein may use linkers comprising an amino acid-reactive group and an additional reactive moiety that may be used to couple a polymerizable molecule. The linker may couple to a polymerizable molecule and an amino acid of a peptide and a capture moiety via the polymerizable molecule, followed by cleavage of the amino acid from the peptide. Further processing and analysis may be conducted using, for example, nanopores or nanogaps.

Aspects of the application provide methods of identifying and sequencing proteins, polypeptides, and amino acids, and compositions useful for the same. In some aspects, the application provides amino acid recognition molecules, such as amino acid binding proteins and fusion polypeptides thereof. In some aspects, the application provides amino acid recognition molecules comprising a shielding element that enhances photostability in polypeptide sequencing reactions.

The invention relates to mutant forms of Cytotoxin K. The invention also relates to methods of analyte detection and characterisation using Cytotoxin K, together with devices and kits for carrying out such methods.

The current document discusses a detection system comprising a mechanical-change sensor that exhibits one or more mechanical changes when specifically interacting with entities within a target, each entity having a type, a mechanical-change-to-signal transducer that transduces the one or more mechanical changes into a signal, and an analysis subsystem that determines the types of entities within the target using the signal.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for removing a terminal amino acid from a peptide. The method comprises providing a reaction cell configured as an electrochemical transducer translating an applied voltage or current into a change of pH within the reaction cell, the reaction cell having arranged therein a sample surface functionalized with moieties suited for the sequential removal of an amino acid from a terminus of the peptide, the terminus being the N-terminus or the C-terminus of the peptide. After introducing the peptide into the reaction cell, the pH in the reaction cell is adjusted to attach the peptide with the terminus to the sample surface. Non-attached peptide is then removed from the reaction cell and the pH in the reaction cell is adjusted to separate an amino acid at the terminus of the peptide from the peptide and to immobilize the amino acid on the sample surface. Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for sequencing a peptide and to a microfluidic device.

An aspect of the invention relates to a method for identifying an amino acid is proposed. The method comprises immobilising an amino acid on the surface of a FET sensor, acquiring a fingerprint of the immobilized amino acid, the acquisition of the fingerprint including measuring at least one of the surface potential and the gate capacitance of the FET sensor with the amino acid immobilized thereon as a function of pH, and looking up the acquired fingerprint in a fingerprint database. Further aspects of the invention relate to a device for recording a fingerprint of an analyte and a method for sequencing a peptide.

The present disclosure provides methods of treating subjects having hearing loss, methods of identifying subjects having an increased risk of developing hearing loss, and methods of detecting Kelch Domain Containing 7B (KLHDC7B) variant nucleic acid molecules and variant polypeptides.

The present description provides methods, assays and reagents useful for sequencing proteins. Sequencing proteins in a broad sense involves observing the plausible identity and order of amino acids, which is useful for sequencing single polypeptide molecules or multiple molecules of a single polypeptide. In one aspect, the methods are useful for sequencing multiple polypeptides. The methods and reagents described herein can be useful for high resolution interrogation of the proteome and enabling ultrasensitive diagnostics critical for early detection of diseases.

Methods of identifying a sequence of a polypeptide within a heterogenous mixture of polypeptides, the polypeptide being immobilized to a support and having at least one labeled amino acid residue. Methods involve detecting at least one signal or signal change from the immobilized polypeptide and subjecting the polypeptide to conditions sufficient to remove at least one amino acid residue from the polypeptide.

The present invention is directed to methods for detecting a plasma cell dyscrasia like myeloma or MGUS, methods for determining whether a plasma cell dyscrasiais stable or progressive, methods for determining a risk for disease relapse, and methods for determining a response by a subject having a plasma cell dyscrasia to a therapy.