Systems and methods are provided for sample processing. A device may be provided, capable of receiving the sample, and performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing multiple assays. The device may comprise one or more modules that may be capable of performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing the steps using a small volume of sample.

A method for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is revealed. A circumference of a patent's neck is measured and then is substituted into an exponential formula together with clinical factors and patient's age for estimating GFR. The present method has a better performance compared with methods for evaluating renal function by GFR available now. The methods available now have poor performance in prediction of loss of renal function at early stage. Some patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage so that they miss the opportunity of early treatment.

The present invention provides a method, wherein the method classifies a subject as suffering from dry eye, the method consisting of: a. obtaining demographic data, consisting of the age and gender of the subject; b. obtaining a tear sample from the patient, and determining the level of human serum albumin; c. from the determined level of human serum albumin, assigning a score for the determined amount of human serum albumin; and d. from the assigned score, calculating a cutoff probability score, according to the following equation: wherein the subject has dry eye, if the calculated cutoff probability score is from 50% to 60%. $\frac{\exp \left(-0.6491-1.1142*\mathrm{Albumin}\right)}{1+\exp \left(-0.6491-1.1142*\mathrm{Albumin}\right)}$

The present invention is related to short-term renal injury models and methods for creating these models. The models and methods can be used for identifying, testing or characterizing candidate molecules with respect to their suitability to treat renal injury. The methods comprise a step of inducing, in a test subject, renal injury by administering subcutaneously a bolus of a renal injury inducer, in a dosage sufficiently high to induce renal injury. Different types of readout for renal injury are provided such as albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) determined in a urine sample taken from the subject, or the development of transcutaneous fluorescence after injection of a fluorescent molecule. Based on the readout the degree of renal injury and/or alteration of GFR can be determined.

This present disclosure provides methods and compositions that can be used to quantify cfDNA in biofluids using a hybridization approach.

The present disclosure describes a method of quantifying amounts of phosphopeptides using isotopically-enriched peptides as internal standards. A kit comprising at least one isotopically-enriched phosphorylated peptide can be used to quantify changes in amounts of phosphopeptides using parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry techniques. The invention can be used to indicate the pathologic mechanism, severity of the disease, and treatment response of a subject. The invention can also be used to identify subjects who require more aggressive therapeutic interventions or alternative treatments.

In preferred the invention is directed to ocular compositions for the treatment of dry eye, methods for making such compositions, and suites comprising a plurality of different ocular compositions each having a defined composition. In preferred examples, the invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one natural oil, wherein a first member of the suite of compositions is effective in treating dry in in a first patient having a particular set of symptoms and a different second member of the suite of compositions is effective in treating dry in in a second patient having a different set of symptoms. The invention is also directed to methods of making and using the compositions, and to skin care compositions for use around the eye, such as the upper and lower eyelids having a lubricating, non-irritating base composition comprising at least one natural oil.

An embodiment according to the present disclosure provides a method for evaluating a degree of glycation of a protein, the method including providing a solution potentially containing a target protein, bringing the solution into contact with a color indicator, bringing the solution into contact with protease, using a first reaction between the color indicator and the target protein to determine a concentration of the target protein in the solution, using a second reaction between the protease and the target protein to determine a concentration of the target protein having been glycated, and determining, based on the concentration of the target protein and the concentration of the target protein having been glycated, a degree of glycation of the target protein.

Analyzers and methods for making and using analyzers are described such as a method in which multiple absorption readings of a liquid assay are obtained by a photodetector using multiple light sources having respective first and second wavelengths within at least two separate and independent wavelength ranges and with each of the absorption readings taken at a separate instant of time. Using at least one processor and calibration information of the liquid assay, an amount of at least one analyte within the liquid assay using the multiple absorption readings is determined.

The present invention relates to use of markers selected from a group consisting of alpha-IB-glycoprotein (A1BG), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), Ig lambda-2 chain C regions (IGLC2) and serotransferrin (TF) in methods for diagnosis, monitoring and differentiation of IgA nephropathy. In addition corresponding diagnostic kits are provided.