Disclosed herein are device and method for isolating matters of interest (MOIs) from a urine sample. The thus isolated MOIs may be analyzed for the levels and/or patterns of biomarkers expressed thereon and/or therein. The determined levels and/or patterns of the biomarkers in the MOIs may serve as an indicator for diagnosis and/or prognosis of a pathological condition in a subject. The device of the present disclosure includes at least one filter configured to retain at least three populations of MOIs independently having a size between 1.0-20 m, 0.20-1.0 m, or 0.05-0.20 m in diameter.

The present invention deals with a method for detecting a protein in a protein sample by amplifying and enhancing small differences between proteins contained in the protein sample. In particular, the present invention uses a cascade of enzymatic modification steps to detect and identify a protein in a protein sample by enhancing small differences between the protein and other proteins contained in the protein sample. Further, the present invention provides a method for distinguishing two proteins having substantially identical or similar amino acid sequences but different protein conformations.

Disclosed herein, in certain embodiments, are protein-probe adducts and synthetic ligands that inhibit protein-probe adduct formation, in which the proteins are regulated by NRF2. In some instances, also described herein are protein-binding domains that interact with a probe and/or a ligand described herein, in which the proteins are regulated by NRF2.

In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for identifying a compound which modulates the activity of a voltage-gated protein. In certain embodiments, the voltage gate protein is a voltage-gated ion channel. In certain embodiments, the voltage-gated protein is a voltage sensitive phosphatase. In certain embodiments, the voltage-gated protein used in conjunction with the methods of the invention is modified to altered permeability or voltage sensitivity.

The present invention relates to a method for covalently binding a cell surface protein and a ligand, the ligand being capable of specifically binding to the cell surface protein, the method consisting essentially of contacting the living cells expressing the cell surface protein with the ligand comprising at least one furan moiety, thereby covalently binding the cell surface protein and the ligand.

In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for identifying a compound which modulates the activity of a voltage-gated protein. In certain embodiments, the voltage gate protein is a voltage-gated ion channel. In certain embodiments, the voltage-gated protein is a voltage sensitive phosphatase. In certain embodiments, the voltage-gated protein used in conjunction with the methods of the invention is modified to altered permeability or voltage sensitivity.

The present invention provides a method of quantifying the activity of a protein modifying enzyme in a sample, comprising calculating the value K for said protein-modifying enzyme on the basis of the number of modified peptides in a sample that are substrates of said protein modifying enzyme, the intensity of the modified peptides, each modified peptide in the sample that is a substrate of said protein modifying enzyme, the total number of modified peptides in the sample, the intensity of the modified peptides and all of the modified peptides in the sample. A method of quantifying the activity of a protein modifying enzyme in a sample, comprising calculating the value SC for said protein-modifying enzyme on the basis of a reduction in proliferation using an inhibitor at an inhibitor concentration at which proliferation is measured and the in vitro IC50i of the inhibitor against a primary target is also provided. The invention further provides methods of identifying inhibitors with which to treat a patient, methods of treatment, a computer readable medium, a computer program product and devices for carrying out the methods.

The present invention relates to an amphiphilic compound having a dendronic hydrophobic group, a method for preparing the same, and a method for extraction, solubilization, stabilization, or crystallization of a membrane protein by using the same. The use of the compound according to the present invention leads to an excellent membrane protein solubilization effect and a stable storage of a membrane protein in an aqueous solution for a long time, and thus can be utilized for functional analysis and structural analysis of the membrane protein. Especially, the amphiphilic compound having a dendronic hydrophobic group showed very remarkable characteristics in the visualization of protein composites through an electronic microscope. The membrane protein structural and functional analysis is one of the fields of greatest interest in current biology and chemistry, and more than half of the new drugs that are currently being developed are targeted at membrane proteins, and thus the amphiphilic compound of the present invention can be applied to membrane protein structure studies closely related to the development of new drugs.

Disclosed is a method for detecting lipid bilayer membrane particles or fragments thereof, having predetermined molecules existing on surfaces thereof, in a biological sample collected from a subject, the method comprising: adding to the biological sample a dye that stains a lipid bilayer membrane; adding a substance that specifically binds to the predetermined molecules; trapping the substance bound to the predetermined membrane molecules and separating unbound components; and detecting the separated stained lipid bilayer membrane particles or fragments thereof by measurement of the dye emission spectrum. The specific binding substance is conjugated to a magnetic bead or binds to a magnetic bead, the trapping and separating steps are performed magnetically, and the particle size of the magnetic bead is equal to or less than the minimum detection sensitivity of the measurement system.

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) apparatus and method of its use, the apparatus constructed with (1) a first dimension (first-D) having at least one first chromatography column, (2) at least one multi-port stream selector in fluid communication with the at least one first chromatography column for receiving an effluent therefrom, and (3) a second dimension (second-D) having a plurality of second chromatography columns, each second chromatography column in fluid communication with a corresponding port of the at least one multi-port stream selector for receiving an effluent fraction of the effluent from the at least one first chromatography column, thereby enabling simultaneous chromatographic separation by the plurality of second chromatography columns of a set of multiple effluent fractions outputted from the at least one first chromatography column.